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Grain-based activated carbons for natural gas storage.

Tengyan Zhang¹, Walter P Walawender, L T Fan

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5102, USA. tzhang3@uwyo.edu

Bioresource Technology

|December 1, 2009

Summary

Biomass-derived activated carbons show promise for adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage in vehicles. Optimized grain-based carbons offer efficient ANG storage, presenting a viable alternative fuel solution.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Energy Storage

Background:

Growing global energy demand and environmental concerns necessitate alternatives to gasoline.
Natural gas is a potential alternative fuel, but efficient storage in vehicles remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the technical feasibility of adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage in motor vehicles using biomass-derived activated carbons.
To optimize the preparation of activated carbons from sorghum and wheat for enhanced methane storage capacity.

Main Methods:

Activated carbons were prepared from biomass (sorghum, wheat) via chemical activation.
Porosity was analyzed using nitrogen adsorption; methane storage capacity was evaluated.
Comparative analysis with commercial activated carbons (charcoal-based) was performed.

Main Results:

Highest storage factor for compacted grain-based activated carbons (sorghum) was 89 (bulk density 0.65 g/cm³).
Highest storage factor for compacted commercial activated carbons (Calgon) was 106 (bulk density 0.70 g/cm³).
Storage factor increased linearly with bulk density and was independent of compaction.

Conclusions:

Biomass-derived activated carbons, particularly from grain sorghum, are suitable candidates for ANG storage.
Optimized grain-based activated carbons offer a promising pathway for efficient natural gas vehicle fuel storage.