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Small diameter carbon nanopipettes.

Riju Singhal1, Sayan Bhattacharyya, Zulfiya Orynbayeva

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, A J Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.

Nanotechnology
|December 1, 2009
PubMed
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Researchers developed novel carbon nanopipettes (CNPs) for cellular studies. These probes enable minimally invasive interrogation of organelles within living cells, offering improved fluid and electrical signal transfer capabilities.

Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Nanoscale carbon probes are valuable for minimally invasive cellular studies.
  • Integrating nanoscale components like carbon nanotubes into functional systems for fluid and electrical transfer remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a batch fabrication method for integrated multifunctional carbon nanopipettes (CNPs).
  • To create CNPs with significantly smaller tip diameters (10-30 nm) for enhanced cellular interrogation.
  • To establish a flexible protocol for producing various cellular probes in bulk.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a non-catalytic chemical vapor deposition method for fabricating CNPs.
  • Controlled carbon deposition inside and outside quartz pipettes to achieve variable tip geometries.

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  • Investigated the effects of capillary length and gas flow rate on carbon deposition.
  • Employed vacuum annealing to modify the electrical conductivity of CNP tips.

    • Main Results:

    • Successfully fabricated CNPs with tip diameters of 10-30 nm, suitable for organelle interrogation.
    • Demonstrated that CNPs allow for fluid transfer, with amorphous semiconductor properties at 875°C.
    • Achieved a two-order magnitude increase in conductivity after annealing CNP tips to graphitic structures.
    • Showed minimal cellular response (Ca(2+) signals, metabolism) during prolonged cell interrogation (0.5-1 h).

    Conclusions:

    • The developed method provides a flexible and scalable approach for producing advanced carbon nanopipette cellular probes.
    • These CNPs offer a minimally invasive tool for studying cellular processes with minimal disruption.
    • The tunable electrical properties and fluid transfer capabilities of CNPs open new avenues for intracellular analysis.