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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview01:03

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Overview

NMR-active nuclei have energy levels called 'spin states' that are associated with the orientations of their nuclear magnetic moments. In the absence of a magnetic field, the nuclear magnetic moments are randomly oriented, and the spin states are degenerate. When an external magnetic field is applied, the spin states have only 2 + 1 orientations available to them. A proton with = ½ has two available orientations. Similarly, for a quadrupolar nucleus with a nuclear spin value of one, the...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes01:23

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Relaxation Processes

In the absence of an external magnetic field, nuclear spin states are degenerate and randomly oriented. When a magnetic field is applied, the spins begin to precess and orient themselves along (lower energy) or against (higher energy) the direction of the field. At equilibrium, a slight excess population of spins exists in the lower energy state. Because the direction of the magnetic field is fixed as the z-axis,  the precessing magnetic moments are randomly oriented around the z-axis. This...
Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution01:14

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution

Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview01:27

π Electron Effects on Chemical Shift: Overview

An applied magnetic field causes loosely bound π-electrons in organic molecules to circulate, producing a local or induced diamagnetic field over a large spatial volume. As the molecules tumble in solution, the field generated by π-electrons in spherical substituents results in a zero net field. However, the net field generated by π-electrons in non-spherical substituents is not zero. The effect of this induced field depends on the orientation of the molecule with respect to B0, resulting in...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
05:39

Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

Published on: August 2, 2019

High-Field Phenomena of Qubits.

Johan van Tol, G W Morley, S Takahashi

    Applied Magnetic Resonance
    |December 1, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Electron and nuclear spins in solid-state systems show promise for quantum computing qubits. High magnetic fields enhance spin polarization and coherence, enabling advanced initialization and readout techniques for quantum information processing.

    Area of Science:

    • Quantum computing
    • Solid-state physics
    • Quantum information science

    Background:

    • Electron and nuclear spins are promising quantum bit (qubit) candidates due to their isolation and manipulability.
    • Solid-state spin systems, particularly impurities in silicon and carbon, exhibit long relaxation rates.
    • Pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are key manipulation techniques.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Investigate solid-state spin systems for quantum computing applications.
    • Explore the effects of high magnetic fields on spin polarization and coherence.
    • Demonstrate advanced initialization and readout mechanisms for qubits.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a multifrequency pulsed EPR/ENDOR spectrometer.

    More Related Videos

    Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
    15:47

    Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

    Published on: November 1, 2013

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    Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

    Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
    05:39

    Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

    Published on: August 2, 2019

    Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots
    15:47

    Nanofabrication of Gate-defined GaAs/AlGaAs Lateral Quantum Dots

    Published on: November 1, 2013

  • Operated at high magnetic fields and helium temperatures.
  • Employed millimeter and radio-frequency radiation for spin manipulation.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved large electron spin polarizations at high magnetic fields.
    • Demonstrated initialization of electron and nuclear spins into well-defined states.
    • Observed increased T(2) relaxation times by mitigating dipolar decoherence.
    • Identified new mechanisms for coherent electrical readout of electron spins.

    Conclusions:

    • High magnetic fields are beneficial for quantum computing with solid-state spins.
    • Advanced initialization and readout methods are feasible.
    • Systems like Si:P, SiC:N, and nitrogen centers in diamond are promising qubit candidates.