Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
Published on: September 11, 2018
1Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK. lsneddon@liv.ac.uk
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Fish exhibit pain responses, including behavioral and physiological changes, similar to humans and other animals. Scientific evidence supports fish nociception, necessitating humane endpoints and pain management in research.
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