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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

Pain perception in fish: indicators and endpoints.

Lynne U Sneddon1

  • 1Biological Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester CH1 4BJ, UK. lsneddon@liv.ac.uk

ILAR Journal
|December 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
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Fish exhibit pain responses, including behavioral and physiological changes, similar to humans and other animals. Scientific evidence supports fish nociception, necessitating humane endpoints and pain management in research.

Area of Science:

  • Zoology
  • Neuroscience
  • Animal Welfare Science

Background:

  • Recent evidence indicates fish display aversive reactions to noxious stimuli.
  • A peripheral nociceptive system and specific brain activity changes during noxious stimulation have been identified in fish.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence for pain perception in teleost fish.
  • To discuss the importance of assessing and minimizing pain in fish during scientific procedures.
  • To present measurable indicators for assessing pain in fish.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on fish nociception and pain.
  • Analysis of physiological properties of nociceptors and central nervous system responses.
  • Examination of behavioral and physiological changes indicative of nociception and analgesia responsiveness.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment
07:57

Necropsy-based Wild Fish Health Assessment

Published on: September 11, 2018

Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts
07:02

Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts

Published on: October 6, 2020

A Standardized Protocol for Preference Testing to Assess Fish Welfare
07:29

A Standardized Protocol for Preference Testing to Assess Fish Welfare

Published on: February 22, 2020

Main Results:

  • Fish demonstrate behavioral and physiological responses to noxious stimuli, fulfilling criteria for pain perception.
  • Nociceptors and central nervous system changes confirm nociception in fish.
  • Newly identified, easily measurable indicators and species-specific responses aid in pain assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Teleost fish are capable of nociception and potentially pain perception.
  • Ethical research requires assessment and alleviation of pain in fish using analgesia and anesthesia.
  • Humane endpoints are crucial for minimizing discomfort in experimental procedures involving fish.