Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System

The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype01:31

Adrenergic Receptors: ɑ Subtype

Adrenoceptors are classified into α and ꞵ classes based on their potencies to catecholamine agonists. α-adrenoceptors show the following order of catecholamine potency:
Adrenaline ≥ Noradrenaline >> Isoprenaline
α-adrenoceptors are further divided into α1 and α2-adrenoceptors.
α1-Adrenoceptors: These receptors are located postsynaptically on the effector organs and cause constriction of smooth muscle mediated by activation of phospholipase C—inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate...
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers01:22

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation, vasodilation, and...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers01:24

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which indirectly block calcium...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Intra-articular injections of liposomal adenosine improve clinical outcomes and slow radiologic progression in a preclinical canine model of osteoarthritis.

Osteoarthritis and cartilage open·2026
Same author

Adenosine metabolism and receptors in aging of the skin, musculoskeletal, immune and cardiovascular systems.

Ageing research reviews·2025
Same author

Metabolic dysfunction in mice with adipocyte-specific ablation of the adenosine A2A receptor.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2025
Same author

Dermal β-Catenin Is Required for Hedgehog-Driven Hair Follicle Neogenesis.

The Journal of investigative dermatology·2024
Same author

3D printed β-tricalcium phosphate versus synthetic bone mineral scaffolds: A comparative in vitro study of biocompatibility.

Bio-medical materials and engineering·2024
Same author

Purines and Adenosine Receptors in Osteoarthritis.

Biomolecules·2023
Same journal

Incidence and Radiographic Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Anti-Citrullinated Protein Antibody-Positive Individuals: A Six-Year Population- Based Cohort Study.

Modern rheumatology·2026
Same journal

FIBROMYALGIA DIAGNOSIS: From Past Paradigms to Future Directions-The State of the Art and Ongoing Controversies.

Modern rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Autoantibodies against adenosine deaminase acting on RNA1 (ADAR1) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: its relationship to clinical features and other autoantibodies.

Modern rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Exploratory comparison of immune cell compositions across organs in IgG4-related disease.

Modern rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Prevalence of and factors associated with radiographic sacroiliitis in Japanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a computed tomography-based study.

Modern rheumatology·2026
Same journal

Risk factors and the effect of belimumab on flares during glucocorticoid tapering in systemic lupus erythematosus: A multicentre ANSWER-SLE cohort study.

Modern rheumatology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

Adenosine in fibrosis.

Edwin S L Chan1, Bruce N Cronstein

  • 1Clinical and Translational Science Institute, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.

Modern Rheumatology
|December 2, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adenosine, known for anti-inflammatory effects, also plays a key role in tissue regeneration and fibrosis. Understanding this dual function may offer new therapeutic strategies for fibrotic diseases like scleroderma.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix
10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Adenosine is an endogenous autocoid with diverse physiological functions.
  • Its anti-inflammatory properties are recognized in rheumatology, mediating effects of drugs like methotrexate.
  • Inflammation and tissue regeneration are closely interconnected processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the recently appreciated role of adenosine in tissue regenerative and fibrotic processes.
  • To investigate the potential therapeutic implications of adenosine's function in fibrotic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on adenosine signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of the interplay between inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis.
  • Exploration of adenosine's role in disease models, including scleroderma.

Main Results:

  • Adenosine exhibits a significant role in tissue regenerative and fibrotic responses.
  • This function is distinct from, yet linked to, its well-established anti-inflammatory actions.
  • Evidence suggests adenosine's involvement in the pathogenesis of fibrotic conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Adenosine's dual role in inflammation and tissue remodeling presents a novel therapeutic target.
  • Further research into adenosine pathways could lead to new treatments for fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma.
  • Understanding adenosine's complex functions is crucial for developing effective regenerative and anti-fibrotic therapies.