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Computed Tomography

Computed Tomography

Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
The technique was invented in the 1970s and is based on the principle that as X-rays pass through the body, they are absorbed or reflected at different levels. In the technique, a patient lies on a motorized platform while a computerized axial tomography (CAT) scanner rotates...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Pedicle Screw Placement Using an Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display in a Porcine Model

Published on: May 24, 2024

Cervical pedicle screw insertion using a computed tomography cutout technique.

Hiroshi Miyamoto¹, Koki Uno

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National Hospital Organization Kobe Medical Center, Nishiochiai Suma-ku, Kobe, Japan. hiroshimiyamoto@hotmail.com

Journal of Neurosurgery. Spine

|December 3, 2009

Summary

The novel CT cutout technique significantly reduces pedicle screw malposition in cervical spine surgery, offering a safe and accurate alternative to conventional methods. This low-cost approach minimizes risks of vertebral artery and neural injuries.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Published on: September 16, 2022

Area of Science:

Spinal Surgery
Orthopedic Technology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Pedicle screw fixation is crucial for cervical spine stability.
Conventional freehand techniques have a high rate of pedicle screw malposition (6.7-29%).
Malpositioned screws risk severe complications like vertebral artery or neural injuries.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and evaluate the accuracy of a new pedicle screw insertion technique: the "CT cutout" method.
To assess the technical and clinical feasibility of the CT cutout technique for cervical spine surgery.

Main Methods:

The CT cutout technique involves creating life-sized, sterilized CT images of the pedicle for surgical guidance.
A total of 130 pedicle screws were inserted in 29 patients from C-2 to T-1 using this method.
Postoperative CT scans evaluated screw position accuracy and deviations from the planned trajectory.

Main Results:

Only 2.3% of screws showed significant perforation (>0.5 diameter) and 1.5% showed complete penetration.
No neural or vascular injuries were reported.
Mean deviation in entry point and angle was minimal (0.20 mm and 1.46 degrees, respectively).

Conclusions:

The CT cutout technique is a highly accurate and safe method for cervical pedicle screw insertion.
It offers a low-cost, easy-to-implement alternative to complex navigation systems.
This technique shows significant promise for improving patient safety in cervical spine procedures.