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Related Concept Videos

Botulism01:22

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Botulism is a life-threatening neuroparalytic condition caused by botulinum neurotoxin, which is produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, a Gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobe.In adults, the toxin enters the body in different ways: in foodborne botulism, the preformed toxin is absorbed in the intestine. In wound botulism, spores grow in injured tissue and release the toxin into the blood. Infant botulism differs mechanistically from adult forms. In infants, botulism commonly...
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Botulinum toxin type A for upper limb spasticity after stroke.

Lisa Shaw1, Helen Rodgers

  • 1Institute for Ageing and Health (Stroke Research Group), Newcastle University, The Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK. lisa.shaw@newcastle.ac.uk

Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
|December 3, 2009
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Summary

Botulinum toxin type A injections effectively reduce upper limb spasticity after stroke. This treatment improves muscle overactivity and enhances functional activities, offering relief from pain and deformity.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Spasticity, characterized by involuntary muscle overactivity, frequently occurs after upper motor neuron damage.
  • Upper limb spasticity post-stroke can lead to significant functional limitations, pain, and deformities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pharmacology of botulinum toxin type A.
  • To evaluate the clinical efficacy of botulinum toxin type A in treating post-stroke upper limb spasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating botulinum toxin type A for upper limb spasticity.
  • Analysis of the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin type A, focusing on acetylcholine release inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Botulinum toxin type A injections demonstrated a decrease in upper limb spasticity in stroke survivors.
  • Improvements were noted in the ease of performing functional upper limb activities, such as hand hygiene and dressing.

Conclusions:

  • Botulinum toxin type A is a valuable therapeutic option for managing focal spasticity in the upper limb following a stroke.
  • The neurotoxin's ability to induce temporary local paresis aids in spasticity management and functional recovery.