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Related Concept Videos

Chromosome Replication02:31

Chromosome Replication

Before a cell can divide, it must accurately replicate all of its chromosomes, including the DNA and its associated histone and non-histone proteins.  This process begins at numerous origins of replication during the S phase of the cell cycle in each of a cell’s chromosomes simultaneously. Certain nucleotides can act as origins of replication, but these sequences are not well defined - especially in complex, multi-cellular, eukaryotic species. The length of DNA that spans an origin of...
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

Replication in Eukaryotes

Overview
Replication in Eukaryotes01:29

Replication in Eukaryotes

In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
Many Proteins Orchestrate Replication at the Origin
Eukaryotic replication follows many of the same...
Restarting Stalled Replication Forks02:37

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart, a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Decreased replication origin activity in temporal transition regions.

Zeqiang Guan1, Christina M Hughes, Settapong Kosiyatrakul

  • 1Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA. zguan@aecom.yu.edu

The Journal of Cell Biology
|December 3, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Temporal transition regions (TTRs) separate early and late DNA replication domains. In the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, a TTR acts as a repressive compartment, inhibiting replication initiation and maintaining replication domain boundaries.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome
06:40

G2-seq: A High Throughput Sequencing-based Technique for Identifying Late Replicating Regions of the Genome

Published on: March 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Genomics and Molecular Biology
  • Mammalian DNA replication
  • Epigenetics and chromatin regulation

Background:

  • Mammalian genomes feature early- and late-replicating domains separated by temporal transition regions (TTRs).
  • The functions and properties of TTRs remain largely unknown.
  • A specific TTR in the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain (Igh) locus contains replication origins activated during B cell development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factors governing replication origin activation within the Igh locus TTR during B cell development.
  • To determine the role of genetic and epigenetic modifications in TTR-associated origin activation.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic genetic and epigenetic modification of the endogenous Igh TTR.
  • Single-molecule analysis of DNA replication.
  • Assessing replication initiation events following introduction of transcription units and ectopic origin sequences.

Main Results:

  • Introducing transcription units, activating gene transcription, or enhancing active chromatin histone modifications did not activate TTR origins.
  • Insertion of ectopic replication origins into the TTR resulted in very few initiation events.
  • The Igh TTR functions as a repressive compartment inhibiting DNA replication initiation.

Conclusions:

  • The Igh TTR actively suppresses replication initiation, rather than passively allowing it.
  • TTRs play a crucial role in establishing and maintaining boundaries between early and late DNA replication domains.
  • Replication origin activation within TTRs is not solely dependent on transcriptional activity or the presence of origin sequences.