The molecular, the bad, and the ugly: preventing bladder cancer via mTOR inhibition

David J McConkey1, Colin P Dinney

  • 1Department of Urology, Unit 1373, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA. dmcconke@mdanderson.org

Insights

Researchers explored a new way to treat bladder cancer. A drug targeting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway suppressed tumor growth in a mouse model, suggesting a potential new therapy for bladder cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is often treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).
  • Carcinoma in situ is a challenging form of bladder cancer.
  • There is a need for novel therapeutic strategies for bladder cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in a preclinical model of bladder cancer.
  • To explore the potential of local molecular therapies for bladder cancer control.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel preclinical mouse model for transitional cell carcinoma.
  • Local administration of a chemical inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.
  • Assessment of tumor growth suppression.

Main Results:

  • Local administration of an mTOR inhibitor strongly suppressed tumor growth in the mouse model.
  • The mTOR inhibitor was effective in a model that develops carcinoma in situ.
  • The study provides a novel preclinical platform for evaluating bladder cancer therapies.

Conclusions:

  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors show promise for treating bladder cancer.
  • Local molecular therapies warrant further clinical evaluation for bladder cancer.
  • This research supports the development of new treatments for difficult-to-treat bladder cancers.

Related Concept Videos

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Abnormal Proliferation02:23

Abnormal Proliferation

Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the daughter...
Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules01:15

Drugs that Stabilize Microtubules

Microtubules are dynamic structures that undergo cycles of catastrophe and rescue. The microtubules play a central role in cell division by forming the spindle apparatus for segregating the chromosomes. This makes them ideal targets for regulating dividing cells in tumors and malignant cancer cells. Microtubule stabilizing drugs help stabilize the microtubule formation and promote its polymerization. Paclitaxel was the first microtubule stabilizing agent used as anticancer drug in chemotherapy...