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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Application of Dixon's Up-and-Down Design to Estimate the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Sevoflurane in Rats with Refined Movement Classification

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Two distinct application habits for propofol: an observational study.

Tamara Müller¹, Andreea Ludwig, Peter Biro

¹Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.

European Journal of Anaesthesiology

|December 3, 2009

Summary

Target-controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol resulted in significantly faster awakening times compared to manual infusion in gynecological laparoscopic surgeries. This suggests a potential pharmaco-economical benefit, though overall clinical outcomes were similar.

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Published on: January 13, 2018

Area of Science:

Anesthesiology
Pharmacology

Background:

Propofol is administered via manual or target-controlled infusion (TCI) pumps in total intravenous anesthesia.
Clinical comparison of these propofol administration methods was lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare manual propofol infusion with TCI regarding clinical effects and drug consumption.
To evaluate the impact on awakening time and postoperative outcomes.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 96 anesthesia records from gynecological laparoscopic procedures.
Comparison of 48 cases using manual propofol infusion (Group C) versus 48 using TCI (Group M).
Assessment of intraoperative hemodynamics, drug consumption, awakening time, and postoperative side effects.

Main Results:

Significantly shorter awakening times were observed with TCI (4.9 min) compared to manual infusion (9.9 min).
Postoperative side effects like nausea, vomiting, and pain occurred non-significantly less frequently with TCI.
Drug consumption showed only insignificant differences between the two groups.

Conclusions:

Both propofol administration methods demonstrated similar clinical profiles.
TCI offers a potential pharmaco-economical advantage due to faster awakening times in gynecological laparoscopy.
No statistically significant differences in early postoperative outcomes were detected.