Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis02:15

M-Cdk Drives Transition Into Mitosis

Checkpoints throughout the cell cycle serve as safeguards and gatekeepers, allowing the cell cycle to progress in favorable conditions and slow or halt it in problematic ones. This regulation is known as the cell cycle control system.
Cyclin-dependent kinases, or Cdks, work in concert with cyclins to control cell cycle transitions. M-Cdk, a complex of Cdk1 bound to M cyclin, is a well-known example of this coordinated control that drives the transition from the G2 to the M phase.
M cyclin...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways01:25

cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase Pathways

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is an essential second messenger that activates protein kinase A (PKA) and regulates various biological processes. A single epinephrine molecule binds to GPCR and activates several heterotrimeric G proteins, each stimulating multiple adenylyl cyclase, amplifying the signal, and synthesizing large numbers of cAMP molecules. Small changes in cAMP concentration affect PKA activity. The binding of four cAMP molecules induces a conformational change in PKA,...
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Positive Regulator Molecules02:39

Positive Regulator Molecules

Mitotic cell division results in daughter cells that exactly resemble the parent cell. However, errors in the DNA replication or distribution of genetic material may lead to genetic mutations that may be passed down to every new cell formed from the resulting abnormal cell. Propagation of such mutant cells is restricted through checkpoint mechanisms present at different stages of the cell cycle. These checkpoints involve regulator molecules that either promote or demote cell cycle events.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Medical students' perspectives on body donation to science within the Italian context.

Anatomical sciences education·2026
Same author

Corrigendum to "Synthesis and biological evaluation of mixed aryl-alkyl succinates as modulators of autophagy and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma" [Bioorg. Chem. 179 (2026) 109997].

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Synthesis and biological evaluation of mixed aryl-alkyl succinates as modulators of autophagy and apoptosis in gastric carcinoma.

Bioorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Inositide-dependent signal transduction in the nucleus: a virtuous path from the laboratory to the clinic.

Advances in biological regulation·2025
Same author

Blackthorn juice from central Italy exhibits selective anticancer activity by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in gastric carcinoma cells.

Food & function·2025
Same author

Genomic profiling of a collection of patient-derived xenografts and cell lines identified ixabepilone as an active drug against chemo-resistant osteosarcoma.

Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
09:39

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Published on: July 29, 2016

A role for PKCepsilon during C2C12 myogenic differentiation.

Gian Carlo Gaboardi1, Giulia Ramazzotti, Alberto Bavelloni

  • 1Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Human Anatomical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Cellular Signalling
|December 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCepsilon) plays a key role in skeletal muscle differentiation by interacting with phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCgamma1) signaling. This interaction influences cyclin D3 levels and myogenin expression during muscle cell development.

More Related Videos

Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes
15:43

Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes

Published on: January 7, 2013

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin (sh)RNA
12:19

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin (sh)RNA

Published on: February 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells
09:39

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Published on: July 29, 2016

Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes
15:43

Assessment of Mitochondrial Functions and Cell Viability in Renal Cells Overexpressing Protein Kinase C Isozymes

Published on: January 7, 2013

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin (sh)RNA
12:19

Stable Knockdown of Genes Encoding Extracellular Matrix Proteins in the C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line Using Small-Hairpin (sh)RNA

Published on: February 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Signaling
  • Muscle Development

Background:

  • Phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCgamma1) is implicated in insulin-induced C2C12 myoblast differentiation.
  • The downstream targets of PLCgamma1 signaling, specifically diacylglycerol (DAG)-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, were investigated.
  • Understanding these pathways is crucial for elucidating mechanisms of skeletal muscle formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify downstream targets of PLCgamma1 signaling in C2C12 myoblast differentiation.
  • To investigate the role and localization of PKCepsilon during muscle cell development.
  • To determine if PKCepsilon influences cyclin D3 expression and myogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of PKC isoform expression during C2C12 myoblast differentiation.
  • Immunofluorescence microscopy to determine protein localization (PLCgamma1, PKCepsilon, Golgi marker).
  • Overexpression and silencing of PKCepsilon to assess its effect on cyclin D3 and myogenin.

Main Results:

  • PKCepsilon and eta expression significantly increased during myotube formation.
  • PKCepsilon formed a complex with PLCgamma1, co-localizing with the Golgi apparatus.
  • PKCepsilon modulation (overexpression/silencing) altered cyclin D3 levels and myogenin expression, impacting muscle differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • PKCepsilon is upregulated and activated during C2C12 muscle differentiation.
  • PKCepsilon interacts with PLCgamma1 at the Golgi, suggesting a role in insulin signaling.
  • PKCepsilon is a key regulator of insulin-mediated PLCgamma1 signaling in skeletal muscle differentiation.