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Cystinuria in a cat.

S P DiBartola1, D J Chew, M L Horton

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|January 1, 1991
PubMed
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This study identified cystine crystalluria and bladder stones in a Siamese cat due to amino acid reabsorption defects. This condition, cystinuria, affects cystine and other dibasic amino acid transport.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Nephrology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cystinuria is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids in the kidneys.
  • This leads to cystine crystalluria and the formation of cystine uroliths, particularly in certain feline breeds.
  • Understanding the specific amino acid transport defects is crucial for diagnosis and management.

Observation:

  • A 10-month-old male Siamese cat presented with dysuria and was diagnosed with cystine crystalluria.
  • Multiple small calculi composed solely of cystine were identified within the urinary bladder.
  • Physical examination and diagnostic imaging confirmed the presence of bladder stones.

Findings:

  • Serum and urine amino acid analysis revealed defective reabsorption of cystine, ornithine, lysine, and arginine.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Low fractional reabsorption of cystine and dibasic amino acids confirmed a transport defect.
  • Urinary acidification, glucose, and electrolyte reabsorption were within normal limits, ruling out other renal tubular disorders.

    • Implications:

    • The findings confirm cystinuria and cystine urolithiasis in this feline patient.
    • This highlights the importance of amino acid profiling in cats with recurrent or unexplained urolithiasis.
    • Early diagnosis and appropriate management can help prevent complications associated with cystine uroliths.