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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Modeling Multiple Sclerosis in the Two Sexes: MOG35-55-Induced Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
05:44

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Published on: October 13, 2023

Multiple sclerosis attacks triggered by hyperprolactinemia.

V Nociti1, G Frisullo, T Tartaglione

  • 1Institute of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Catholic University, Largo Agostino Gemelli, 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Neuro-Oncology
|December 4, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This case study suggests prolactin may influence multiple sclerosis (MS) activity. Elevated prolactin levels, linked to a pituitary adenoma, correlated with MS relapses in a male patient.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T-cell mediated autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system (CNS).
  • The higher prevalence of autoimmune diseases in women suggests sex hormones, including prolactin, may influence disease susceptibility.
  • Prolactin, a neuroendocrine peptide, possesses significant immunomodulatory functions.

Observation:

  • A case of a 32-year-old male with relapsing-remitting MS is presented.
  • The initial MS clinical event coincided with the development of a prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma.
  • MS relapses occurred during two separate instances of adenoma recurrence.

Findings:

  • The temporal association suggests prolactin may have a role in facilitating the inflammatory processes in MS.
  • Elevated prolactin levels might trigger clinical attacks in patients with MS.
  • This case highlights a potential link between prolactin and autoimmune disease exacerbation.

Implications:

  • Prolactin's immunomodulatory properties warrant further investigation in the context of MS pathogenesis.
  • Understanding prolactin's role could offer new therapeutic strategies for managing MS.
  • This finding contributes to the broader understanding of neuroendocrine-immune interactions in autoimmune diseases.