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Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass Spectrometry: Complex Analysis

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for the identification of pure compounds. However, it has some limitations for the analysis of complex mixtures, often due to excessive fragmentation making the spectrum too complicated to decipher. Mass spectrometry can be combined with suitable separation methods in sequence, forming hyphenated methods, which are useful in the analysis of complex mixtures.
GC–MS is a powerful hyphenated method commonly used in forensics and environmental...

Mass Spectrometry: Overview

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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Electrospray Ionization (ESI) Mass Spectrometry

Higher molecular weight biomolecules are nonvolatile compounds that may decompose before ionizing or vaporizing during mass analysis with conventional electron impact ionization methods. Accordingly, electrospray ionization (ESI) is the favored method for vaporizing and ionizing biomolecules as it circumvents rapid fragmentation and enables the recording of mass signals for the entire biomolecule.
ESI utilizes electrical energy to transfer ions from the liquid phase of the sample into the...

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Peptide Identification Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
This technique helps gather information regarding the protein from which the peptide was obtained and to study the peptides’ amino acid sequence. Identifying peptides from a complex mixture is an important component of the growing field of...

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...

Mass Spectrometers

Mass Spectrometers

This lesson details the instrumentation of a mass spectrometer—a physical instrument to perform mass spectrometry on analyte molecules and record the characteristic mass spectra. This is achieved via three chief functions:

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

Published on: November 21, 2025

Mass spectrometry in epigenetic research.

Hans Christian Beck¹

¹Teknologisk Institut, Kolding, Denmark.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|December 4, 2009

Summary

Histone deacetylase inhibitors show promise for cancer treatment by causing cancer cell death. New research reveals novel histone modifications that regulate nucleosome function and epigenetic regulation.

Area of Science:

Epigenetics
Cancer Biology
Proteomics

Background:

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors induce histone hyperacetylation, leading to cancer cell cycle arrest and death.
Despite clinical trials, the precise molecular mechanisms of HDAC inhibitors remain largely unknown.
Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for advancing cancer therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of histone deacetylase inhibitors in cancer treatment.
To explore novel posttranslational modifications on histones and their functional roles.
To investigate the impact of these modifications on nucleosome dynamics and epigenetic regulation.

Main Methods:

Application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics techniques.

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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Extraction of Histones from Clinical Specimens for Epigenetic Profiling by Mass Spectrometry

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Complete Workflow for Analysis of Histone Post-translational Modifications Using Bottom-up Mass Spectrometry: From Histone Extraction to Data Analysis

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Published on: May 17, 2016

Analysis of histone proteins and their modifications.

Investigation of nucleosome structure and function.

Main Results:

Discovery of novel posttranslational modifications on the lateral surface of the nucleosome.
Identification of modifications that regulate histone-DNA interactions.
New insights into the epigenetic regulation of nucleosome mobility.

Conclusions:

Novel histone modifications offer new perspectives on epigenetic regulation.
These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of HDAC inhibitor mechanisms.
Further research into these modifications could lead to improved cancer therapeutics.