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Related Concept Videos

Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
Lagging Strand Synthesis01:59

Lagging Strand Synthesis

During replication, the complementary strands in double-stranded DNA are synthesized at different rates. Replication first begins on the leading strand. Replication starts later, occurs more slowly, and proceeds discontinuously on the lagging strand.
There are several major differences between synthesis of the leading strand and synthesis of the lagging strand. 1) Leading strand synthesis happens in the direction of replication fork opening, whereas lagging strand synthesis happens in the...
The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with the...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
The DNA Replication Fork01:02

The DNA Replication Fork

An organism’s genome needs to be duplicated in an efficient and error-free manner for its growth and survival. The replication fork is a Y-shaped active region where two strands of DNA are separated and replicated continuously. The coupling of DNA unzipping and complementary strand synthesis is a characteristic feature of a replication fork.   Organisms with small circular DNA, such as E. coli, often have a single origin of replication; therefore, they have only two replication forks, one in...
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks
07:50

Plasmid-derived DNA Strand Displacement Gates for Implementing Chemical Reaction Networks

Published on: November 25, 2015

Circular DNA logic gates with strand displacement.

Cheng Zhang1, Jing Yang, Jin Xu

  • 1Institute of Software, School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science, Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China, 100871. zhangcheng369@gmail.com

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel circular DNA logic gates using DNA three-way branch migration. These DNA logic gates offer accurate and tunable control for applications in DNA nanotechnology.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA nanotechnology utilizes DNA's unique properties for constructing nanoscale devices.
  • Logic gates are fundamental components for computation and information processing.
  • Developing efficient and reliable DNA-based logic systems remains a key challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct novel circular DNA logic gates based on DNA three-way branch migration.
  • To utilize circular DNA as a core unit with linear DNA as input/output signals.
  • To explore the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for logic result detection.

Main Methods:

  • Design of DNA logic gates employing circular DNA structures and DNA three-way branch migration.
  • Implementation of DNA sequence recognition and strand displacement for signal processing.
  • Detection of gold nanoparticle positions as an alternative method for logic output verification.

Main Results:

  • Successfully constructed circular DNA logic gates that performed accurate computations.
  • Demonstrated effective signal processing through precise DNA sequence recognition and strand displacement.
  • Validated logic gate outputs using gold nanoparticle localization, confirming system reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Circular DNA logic gates based on three-way branch migration are feasible and accurate.
  • The system offers tunable control over DNA and gold nanoparticle interactions.
  • This approach holds significant potential for broad applications in DNA nanotechnology.