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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
Hybridoma Technology01:31

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation, polyethylene glycol...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?
14:20

Polymalic Acid-based Nano Biopolymers for Targeting of Multiple Tumor Markers: An Opportunity for Personalized Medicine?

Published on: June 13, 2014

Evolving novel anti-HER2 strategies.

Kellie L Jones1, Aman U Buzdar

  • 1Purdue University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

The Lancet. Oncology
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Trastuzumab is a breakthrough for HER2-positive breast cancer, but resistance occurs. New therapies are emerging to overcome resistance mechanisms and improve treatment for patients who progress on trastuzumab.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Trastuzumab revolutionized HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer treatment.
  • A significant number of patients develop resistance to trastuzumab, necessitating further research.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for developing effective therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging therapeutic strategies for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer.
  • To discuss novel treatment approaches targeting resistance mechanisms.
  • To provide an overview of current research in managing advanced HER2-positive breast cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of preclinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of data on resistance mechanisms to trastuzumab.

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Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

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  • Evaluation of novel therapeutic agents and strategies.

    • Main Results:

    • Identified key resistance mechanisms including bypass signaling, HER2 mutations, and PTEN deficiency.
    • Highlighted several novel therapies under investigation targeting these mechanisms.
    • Discussed alternative treatment strategies with distinct mechanisms of action.

    Conclusions:

    • Trastuzumab resistance remains a significant clinical challenge in HER2-positive breast cancer.
    • Targeting specific resistance pathways and exploring novel agents are promising avenues.
    • Continued research is vital to improve outcomes for patients with refractory disease.