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Polymerisation stress modelling in acrylic bone cement.

A Briscoe1, A New

  • 1Bioengineering Sciences Research Group, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. adam@soton.ac.uk

Journal of Biomechanics
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
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Residual stress in cement mantles during polymerization significantly impacts joint replacement longevity. This study reveals peak stresses occur earlier than previously modeled, crucial for understanding aseptic loosening in cemented joint replacements.

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Engineering
  • Computational Mechanics
  • Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

  • Fatigue failure of cement mantles contributes to aseptic loosening in cemented joint replacements.
  • Residual stress from cement polymerization may accelerate fatigue failure.
  • Existing models simplify polymerization, assuming instantaneous hardening and focusing only on thermal shrinkage post-hardening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To predict residual stresses in total hip replacement cement mantles using finite element models.
  • To investigate the influence of the local degree of polymerization on material properties and shrinkage.
  • To challenge the assumption that residual stress solely arises from post-hardening thermal shrinkage.

Main Methods:

  • Developed 2D and 3D finite element models of cement mantles.

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  • Utilized a chemical kinetics model to track polymerization progress.
  • Employed a linear model to predict time-dependent mechanical properties, density, stress generation, and volume change.

    • Main Results:

    • Predicted residual stresses in cement mantles for total hip replacements.
    • Indicated that peak stresses may occur earlier in the polymerization process, not just from final thermal shrinkage.
    • Achieved good agreement between the 2D model and literature, and the 3D model with physical and computational studies.

    Conclusions:

    • The timing and magnitude of residual stresses during cement polymerization are critical for joint replacement survival.
    • Current models may underestimate the peak stresses experienced by the cement mantle.
    • Accurate modeling of polymerization kinetics is essential for predicting cement mantle performance and preventing aseptic loosening.