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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
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Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects01:12

Local Anesthetics: Adverse Effects

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While local anesthetics are generally safe and well-tolerated, they can occasionally cause adverse effects that vary in severity. Local anesthetics can induce toxicity at two distinct levels. They can either produce local effects through direct contact with the neural elements or be absorbed into the bloodstream from the injection site, leading to systemic effects.
Once absorbed into the systemic circulation, local anesthetics can affect the organs that depend on the functioning of sodium...
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Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics01:13

Local Anesthetics: Pharmacokinetics

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The potency and duration of action of local anesthetics (LAs) are determined by their pharmacokinetics. Pharmacokinetics describes how LAs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated from the body. When administered to the vascular tissues, LAs are quickly absorbed and enter the systemic circulation, reducing their localized effects. Adding vasoconstrictors such as epinephrine to LAs reduces their absorption into the systemic circulation, making them clinically effective. The...
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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

611
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
611
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

1.5K
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

1.0K
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Invasive Hemodynamic Characterization of the Portal-hypertensive Syndrome in Cirrhotic Rats
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Anesthesia and the microcirculation.

Zdenek Turek1, Roman Sykora, Martin Matejovic

  • 1University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic. turek@fnhk.cz

Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Anesthetic agents can impair microcirculation and organ perfusion, especially during critical conditions like sepsis or trauma. Understanding these effects is crucial for improving patient outcomes in anesthesia.

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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Microcirculation is vital for organ perfusion and is often compromised in critical illnesses like hemorrhage, sepsis, and trauma.
  • While anesthetic effects on macrohemodynamics are well-studied, their impact on microcirculation and organ perfusion is an area of growing research.
  • Modern anesthetics and techniques may have non-anesthetic effects influencing tissue perfusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for assessing microcirculatory status.
  • To summarize the known effects of intravenous and volatile anesthetics on microcirculation.
  • To discuss anesthesia-related techniques and their impact on microcirculation in health and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on microcirculation and anesthesia.
  • Analysis of research on anesthetic agents' effects on organ perfusion.
  • Examination of mechanisms like microvascular reactivity, nitric oxide pathways, and cytokine release.

Main Results:

  • Anesthetic agents can alter microvascular reactivity and nitric oxide pathways.
  • Cytokine release is implicated in anesthetic-induced changes in tissue perfusion.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding specific anesthetic effects under pathophysiological conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Anesthetic agents significantly impact microcirculation, affecting organ perfusion.
  • Understanding these microcirculatory effects is essential for managing patients in critical care settings.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms and optimize anesthetic strategies.