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Related Concept Videos

Visual Agnosia01:12

Visual Agnosia

Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round end"...
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this information.
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

Aging and intrusion errors in an active visuo-spatial working memory task.

Nicola Mammarella1, Beth Fairfield, Rossana De Beni

  • 1Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Facoltà di Psicologia, Università di Chieti, Chieti, Italy. n.mammarella@unich.it

Aging Clinical and Experimental Research
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults struggle with remembering locations due to declining inhibitory functions, especially when attentional demands increase. This impacts visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Aging Research

Background:

  • Visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) is crucial for daily tasks.
  • Inhibitory functions are vital for filtering irrelevant information.
  • Age-related cognitive decline may affect these functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between inhibitory functions and location memory in older adults.
  • To determine if impaired inhibition contributes to age-related VSWM deficits.
  • To examine how task complexity influences these effects.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments using an active visuo-spatial working memory (VSWM) span task.
  • Participants included younger and older adults.
  • Location recall accuracy was measured under varying source-manipulation conditions.

Main Results:

  • Older adults exhibited more intrusion errors than younger adults as VSWM task complexity increased.
  • Older adults showed particular difficulty recalling target locations when non-target locations were manipulated.
  • Performance deficits in older adults correlated with reduced inhibitory control.

Conclusions:

  • Inhibitory working memory functions are critical for older adults' VSWM performance.
  • Declining inhibitory control significantly impacts the ability to remember locations accurately.
  • These findings underscore the importance of inhibition in maintaining cognitive function with age.