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Related Concept Videos

Vesicular Tubular Clusters01:45

Vesicular Tubular Clusters

After budding out from the ER membrane, some COPII vesicles lose their coat and fuse with one another to form larger vesicles and interconnected tubules called vesicular tubular clusters or VTCs. These clusters constitute a compartment at the ER-Golgi interface known as ERGIC (Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Intermediate Compartment). The ERGIC is a mobile membrane-bound cargo transport system that sorts proteins secreted from ER and delivers them to the Golgi.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Visualization of the Immunological Synapse by Dual Color Time-gated Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Nanoscopy
10:00

Visualization of the Immunological Synapse by Dual Color Time-gated Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Nanoscopy

Published on: March 24, 2014

Multiple microclusters: diverse compartments within the immune synapse.

Stephen C Bunnell1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA 02111, USA. Stephen.Bunnell@tufts.edu

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology
|December 5, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

T cell activation relies on T cell receptor (TCR) binding peptide-MHC. New insights reveal diverse signaling assemblies within the immune synapse, crucial for understanding T cell responses.

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
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Published on: March 22, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Visualization of the Immunological Synapse by Dual Color Time-gated Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Nanoscopy
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Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy
11:00

Visualizing the Actin and Microtubule Cytoskeletons at the B-cell Immune Synapse Using Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy

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A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins
16:10

A TIRF Microscopy Technique for Real-time, Simultaneous Imaging of the TCR and its Associated Signaling Proteins

Published on: March 22, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • T cell activation initiates via T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of peptide-MHC complexes on antigen-presenting cells (APCs).
  • Current models explain TCR sensitivity and selectivity within the immunological synapse but lack integration of diverse microcluster types.
  • Advanced imaging reveals complex signaling assemblies within the immune synapse, necessitating updated models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a framework for understanding diverse signaling assemblies in T cell activation.
  • To review contributions to knowledge on immune synapse structures and their regulation.
  • To offer perspectives on future research directions in T cell activation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and imaging technologies.
  • Analysis of signaling assemblies and microcluster dynamics.
  • Exploration of cytoskeletal roles in immune synapse formation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of diverse microcluster types within the immune synapse.
  • Highlighting the importance of interrelationships between signaling assemblies.
  • Emphasizing the role of the cytoskeleton in governing assembly and fate.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of T cell activation requires appreciating diverse immune synapse signaling assemblies.
  • Cytoskeletal mechanisms are critical for the formation and regulation of these assemblies.
  • Future research should focus on the interplay between signaling structures and cytoskeletal dynamics.