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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
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Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
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Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Dicistroviruses.

Bryony C Bonning1, W Allen Miller

  • 1Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA. bbonning@iastate.edu

Annual Review of Entomology
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dicistroviruses, RNA viruses pathogenic to beneficial arthropods and insect pests, are increasingly studied. New research on infectious clones may illuminate viral replication and gene function, aiding pest control.

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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
10:29

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Published on: May 9, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Arthropod Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Dicistroviruses are a rapidly growing family of picornavirus-like RNA viruses.
  • These viruses are pathogenic to beneficial arthropods (e.g., honey bees, shrimp) and medically/agriculturally important insect pests.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding dicistrovirus RNA replication and gene function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current understanding of dicistroviruses, highlighting advanced studies in particle structure and translation mechanisms.
  • To address the limitations in knowledge concerning viral RNA replication and gene function.
  • To discuss the potential of infectious clones in filling these knowledge gaps.

Main Methods:

  • Review of advanced studies on dicistrovirus particle structure and internal ribosome entry mechanisms.
  • Discussion of dicistroviruses in the context of insect immune system research.
  • Analysis of the implications of newly constructed infectious clones of dicistrovirus genomes.

Main Results:

  • Advanced understanding of dicistrovirus particle structure and translation initiation.
  • Insights into the use of dicistroviruses for studying insect immunity.
  • Identification of knowledge gaps in viral RNA replication and gene function.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances, particularly infectious clones, hold promise for elucidating dicistrovirus RNA replication and gene function.
  • Understanding these viruses is crucial for managing economically important diseases.
  • Future research could lead to protecting beneficial arthropods and developing dicistroviruses as biopesticides.