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Related Concept Videos

Parental Care00:55

Parental Care

Many animals exhibit parental care behavior, including feeding, grooming, and protecting young offspring. Parental care is universal in mammals and birds, which often have young that are born relatively helpless. Several species of insects and fish, as well as some amphibians, also care for their young.
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Development of the Oral Microbiota

The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
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The Nativist Approach01:21

The Nativist Approach

The nativist approach to infant cognitive development proposes that infants are born with inherent knowledge structures that allow them to interpret the world almost immediately. This perspective contrasts with earlier developmental theories, such as those proposed by Jean Piaget, which emphasized a more gradual acquisition of cognitive abilities through interaction with the environment. One key concept in this approach is object permanence — the understanding that objects continue to exist...
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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
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Cohort Profile: The Australian Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) study.

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

Indigenous newborn care.

Susan M Sayers1

  • 1Child Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Institute of Advanced Studies, Charles Darwin University, PO Box 41096, Casuarina, NT 0811, Australia. sue.sayers@menzies.edu.au

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indigenous and non-Indigenous infant mortality rates differ across several countries. Addressing maternal risk factors and improving child healthcare access are key to reducing these health disparities.

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Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Maternal and Child Health

Background:

  • Significant infant mortality and morbidity disparities exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States.
  • Neonatal mortality is linked to high-risk births influenced by maternal factors like smoking, alcohol use, infections, and nutritional status.
  • Postneonatal mortality is primarily affected by environmental determinants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify key factors contributing to infant mortality and morbidity disparities.
  • To propose effective strategies for reducing health inequities in infant populations.

Main Methods:

  • This study reviews existing literature and epidemiological data on infant mortality and morbidity.
  • Analysis focuses on risk factors for neonatal and postneonatal mortality.

Main Results:

  • Maternal risk factors (smoking, alcohol, infection, nutrition) significantly impact neonatal mortality.
  • Environmental factors are the primary drivers of postneonatal mortality.
  • Socioeconomic conditions play a role in overall health disparities.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive continuum of maternal and child health care is essential.
  • Addressing socioeconomic conditions alongside targeted health interventions can reduce infant health disparities.
  • Policy and practice changes are needed to achieve health equity for Indigenous infants.