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Bone Remodeling and Repair

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...

Bone Cells and Tissue

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Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Engineering Skeletal Muscle Tissues from Murine Myoblast Progenitor Cells and Application of Electrical Stimulation

Published on: March 19, 2013

A cell based modelling framework for skeletal tissue engineering applications.

Liesbet Geris¹, Paul Van Liedekerke, Bart Smeets

¹Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design, Department of Mechanical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C (PB 2419), 3001 Leuven, Belgium. Liesbet.geris@mech.kuleuven.be

Journal of Biomechanics

|December 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a cell-based model for bone tissue engineering, simulating cell interactions and metabolism. It demonstrates how conditions like hypoxia affect cell death and aggregate growth, paving the way for improved applications.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Computational Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Cell aggregate behavior is crucial for bone tissue engineering.
Existing models often lack detailed cellular processes and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose a novel cell-based, lattice-free modeling framework.
To simulate cell aggregate behavior in bone tissue engineering.
To investigate the influence of various factors on cell growth and death.

Main Methods:

Developed a lattice-free model incorporating cell-to-cell and cell-environment interactions.
Included explicit representation of oxygen, nutrients, waste, growth factors, and inhibitors.
Integrated models for cell metabolism (glycolysis, Krebs cycle), cell death (necrosis, apoptosis, anoikis), and cell cycle control.

Main Results:

Simulated synchronized cell aggregate growth under ideal conditions, showing cell cycle stages.
Demonstrated hypoxia-induced necrosis in the center of aggregates under hypoxic conditions.
Validated the model's potential for predicting cell aggregate behavior.

Conclusions:

The proposed modeling framework effectively simulates complex cell aggregate dynamics.
Environmental factors like hypoxia significantly impact cell viability and aggregate development.
This framework has potential applications in optimizing bone tissue engineering strategies.