In vivo mapping of a sequence required for interference with the yeast killer virus

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae viruses are noninfectious double-stranded RNA viruses whose segments are separately encapsidated. A large viral double-stranded RNA (L1; 4580 base pairs) encodes all required viral functions. M1, a double-stranded RNA of 1.9 kilobases, encodes an extracellular toxin (killer toxin) and cellular immunity to that toxin. Some strains contain smaller, S, double-stranded RNAs, derived from M1 by internal deletion. Particles containing these defective interfering RNAs can displace M1 particles by faster replication and thus convert the host strain to a nonkiller phenotype. In this work, we report the development of an assay in which the expression of S plus-strand from an inducible plasmid causes the loss of M1 particles. This assay provides a convenient method for identifying in vivo cis-acting sequences important in viral replication and packaging. We have mapped the sequence involved in interference to a region of 132 base pairs that includes two sequences similar to the viral binding site sequence previously identified in L1 by in vitro experiments.