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Related Concept Videos

Heart Sounds01:15

Heart Sounds

Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V) valves at the...
Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation01:25

Cardiovascular System Abnormal Findings II: Auscultation

Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
Abnormal Heart Sounds
Gallops:
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure01:30

Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure

Direct Method
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation01:25

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System IV: Auscultation

Cardiac auscultation is a clinical skill used to assess heart function and detect abnormalities. It involves listening to heart sounds at specific anatomical locations through a stethoscope.
Normal Heart Sounds
S1 (First Heart Sound)-
S1 is made by the closure of the mitral and tricuspid valves (atrioventricular valves), marking the beginning of systole.
S2 (Second Heart Sound)-
S2 is made by the closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves (semilunar valves), marking the end of the systole.
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac muscle...
Korotkoff Sounds01:12

Korotkoff Sounds

Korotkoff sounds are the specific sounds heard while measuring blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer, typically with a stethoscope or a Doppler device. They are named after Russian physician Nikolai Korotkov, who first described them in 1905. These sounds correspond to turbulent blood flow in the artery as the blood pressure cuff is gradually released after inflation.
During blood pressure assessment, inflating the cuff 30 millimeters of mercury above the patient's systolic blood pressure...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts
12:10

Semi-automated Optical Heartbeat Analysis of Small Hearts

Published on: September 16, 2009

Noise detection during heart sound recording.

D Kumar1, P Carvalho, M Antunes

  • 1Department of Informatics Engineering of the University of Coimbra, Polo-II, Coimbra, Portugal. dinesh@dei.uc.pt

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel method for detecting noise in heart sound recordings. The algorithm effectively identifies and removes ambient and physiological interference, improving diagnostic accuracy for cardiac diseases.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Microelectrode Array Recording of Sinoatrial Node Firing Rate to Identify Intrinsic Cardiac Pacemaking Defects in Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiology
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Heart sounds are crucial biosignals for diagnosing cardiac diseases.
  • Acquisition of heart sounds is often compromised by ambient and physiological noise.
  • Noise interference can obscure vital diagnostic information within heart sounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new algorithm for detecting ambient and physiological noise in heart sound recordings.
  • To improve the reliability of heart sound analysis for early cardiac disease detection.

Main Methods:

  • The proposed algorithm uses physiologically inspired periodicity and semi-periodicity criteria.
  • A clean heart sound segment exhibiting time and frequency domain periodicity is identified as a template.
  • This template is then used to detect and exclude uncontaminated heart sound segments during recording.

Main Results:

  • The technique was tested on heart sounds from 68 subjects contaminated with various noises.
  • Achieved an average sensitivity of 95.13% for non-cardiac sound detection.
  • Achieved an average specificity of 98.65% for non-cardiac sound detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method effectively detects and mitigates noise in heart sound acquisition.
  • This approach enhances the potential for accurate early diagnosis of cardiac conditions using heart sounds.
  • The algorithm shows high performance in distinguishing between cardiac and non-cardiac sounds.