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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
08:38

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing

Published on: February 24, 2015

Analysis of epigenetic modifications by next generation sequencing.

Shoudan Liang1, Yue Lu, Jaroslav Jelinek

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic modifications alter gene expression without changing DNA sequence. Advanced sequencing reveals these changes in cancer, but analyzing the data presents computational challenges that this study addresses.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing
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A Semiautomated ChIP-Seq Procedure for Large-scale Epigenetic Studies
08:04

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Published on: August 13, 2020

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12:34

DNA Methylation: Bisulphite Modification and Analysis

Published on: October 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Epigenetics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications, chemical alterations to DNA or histones, regulate gene expression across cell cycles in plants and animals.
  • Next-generation sequencing technologies enable genome-wide surveying of epigenetic markers, revealing significant epigenetic alterations in cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss computational methods for analyzing large-scale epigenetic data, specifically histone modifications and DNA methylation.
  • To address the challenges associated with analyzing next-generation sequencing data in epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Mapping sequencing tags to a reference genome, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
  • Analysis of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data for histone modifications.
  • Restriction enzyme-based analysis for DNA methylation.

Main Results:

  • The study outlines approaches to manage and interpret complex epigenetic datasets generated by high-throughput sequencing.
  • Methods discussed facilitate detailed examination of histone modifications and DNA methylation patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Computational analysis is crucial for understanding the role of epigenetics in biological processes, particularly in diseases like cancer.
  • The discussed techniques provide a framework for advancing epigenetic research using next-generation sequencing data.