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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Function Tests01:25

Pulmonary Function Tests

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...
Gross Anatomy of the Lungs01:17

Gross Anatomy of the Lungs

The lungs are a pair of vital organs connected to the trachea via the left and right bronchi. The base of these organs meets the dome-shaped muscle known as the diaphragm. Encased by the pleurae, the lungs contact the mediastinum. The right lung is shorter yet wider, and has a larger volume than the left lung. The left lung has an indentation known as the cardiac notch. The superior region of the lungs is referred to as the apex, whereas the base is the lower region near the diaphragm. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules
10:26

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

Published on: May 19, 2023

Free-knot spline model for analysis of pulmonary function.

Yong W Lee1, Jongwon Lee, Wha J Yoo

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA. leeyongwan@gmail.com

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) track respiratory health in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Analysis of FEV(1)% trends reveals specific years indicating significant changes in lung function for CF individuals.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Data Analysis

Background:

  • Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are essential for monitoring respiratory health.
  • PFTs are critical for managing cystic fibrosis (CF) patient care and treatment adjustments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze longitudinal changes in lung function for CF patients.
  • To identify specific time points indicating shifts in PFT trends using statistical modeling.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal data of percent predicted forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)%) from CF patients, collected since 1966.
  • Application of a linear free-knot spline (FKS) model to fit individual patient FEV(1)% trends.
  • Classification of pulmonary function trends into eight groups based on FKS model angles.

Main Results:

  • Identified key years with significant changes in PFT trends.
  • Overlapping knots in the FKS model indicated critical time points: 1978, 1991, and 1993 for worsening lung function, and 1983, 1988, and 2000 for stable or improving function.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully identified critical time points in the progression of lung function in CF patients.
  • The FKS modeling approach provides a method to classify and understand PFT trend changes over time for CF management.