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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
Published on: December 22, 2016
A comprehensive cardiopulmonary simulation model for the analysis of hypercapnic respiratory failure
Nicolas W Chbat1, Massimo Giannessi, Antonio Albanese
1Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY 10510, USA. chbat@philips.com
Abstract:
We developed a new comprehensive cardiopulmonary model that takes into account the mutual interactions between the cardiovascular and the respiratory systems along with their short-term regulatory mechanisms. The model includes the heart, systemic and pulmonary circulations, lung mechanics, gas exchange and transport equations, and cardio-ventilatory control. Results show good agreement with published patient data in case of normoxic and hyperoxic hypercapnia simulations. In particular, simulations predict a moderate increase in mean systemic arterial pressure and heart rate, with almost no change in cardiac output, paralleled by a relevant increase in minute ventilation, tidal volume and respiratory rate. The model can represent a valid tool for clinical practice and medical research, providing an alternative way to experience-based clinical decisions.
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