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Precipitation Gravimetry

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Partitioning recent Greenland mass loss.

Michiel van den Broeke1, Jonathan Bamber, Janneke Ettema

  • 1Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, Utrecht University, Netherlands. m.r.vandenbroeke@uu.nl

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Greenland ice sheet mass loss is driven equally by surface processes and ice dynamics. Satellite data reveals accelerating melt since 2006, significantly contributing to global sea level rise.

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Area of Science:

  • Glaciology
  • Climate Science
  • Earth System Science

Background:

  • Greenland ice sheet mass loss is a significant contributor to global sea level rise.
  • Understanding the drivers of ice loss is crucial for climate modeling and sea level projections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the individual components of recent Greenland ice mass loss.
  • To assess the impact of surface processes and ice dynamics on mass balance.
  • To validate mass budget calculations with satellite gravity observations.

Main Methods:

  • Mass budget calculations were performed to quantify Greenland ice loss.
  • Satellite gravity observations from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) were used for validation.
  • Analysis focused on the period 2000-2008 and trends since 2006.

Main Results:

  • Total Greenland mass loss from 2000-2008 was approximately 1500 gigatons, contributing 0.46 mm/year to sea level rise.
  • Mass loss is equally divided between surface processes (runoff and precipitation) and ice dynamics.
  • Increased summer melt rates since 2006 led to an accelerated mass loss of 273 gigatons/year (0.75 mm/year sea level rise).
  • Without increased snowfall and refreezing, post-1996 mass losses would have been 100% higher.

Conclusions:

  • Surface mass balance variations fully explain detrended GRACE mass variations, indicating minimal subannual ice discharge changes.
  • Both surface processes and ice dynamics play critical roles in Greenland's contribution to sea level rise.
  • Accelerated melting due to climate change is a primary driver of recent Greenland ice loss.