Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

MRI approach to the patient with suspected dementia: artificial intelligence techniques and semi-quantitative rating scales compared.

Frontiers in radiology·2026
Same author

Robotic subtotal gastrectomy with Hugo™ robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) system: first report on a case series.

International journal of surgery case reports·2026
Same author

Highly purified cannabidiol in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsies: A real-life impact on seizure frequency, quality of life, behavior, and sleep patterns from a single Italian center.

Epilepsy & behavior : E&B·2023
Same author

Data of postoperative complications related to fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio in pancreatic resections.

Data in brief·2022
Same author

Zeolite-based monoliths for water softening by ion exchange/precipitation process.

Scientific reports·2022
Same author

Filtering efficiency model that includes the statistical randomness of non-woven fiber layers in facemasks.

Separation and purification technology·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
07:00

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

Cervical cord functional MRI changes in relapse-onset MS patients.

P Valsasina1, F Agosta, M Absinta

  • 1Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, Division of Neuroscience, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy, via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy.

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Functional MRI (fMRI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients reveals increased spinal cord activity during tactile stimulation. This overactivation correlates with greater disability, suggesting altered cord function in MS.

More Related Videos

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression
07:00

Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Chronic Spinal Cord Compression

Published on: May 7, 2019

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
10:46

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data

Published on: December 9, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Medical Science

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Spinal cord involvement is a key feature of MS pathology and disability.
  • Understanding functional changes in the spinal cord is crucial for assessing MS progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if tactile-associated functional MRI (fMRI) changes in the spinal cord differ across clinical stages of relapse-onset MS.
  • To investigate the relationship between spinal cord fMRI patterns and the severity of MS-related clinical disability.

Main Methods:

  • Cervical spinal cord fMRI was performed on 49 MS patients (30 relapsing-remitting, 19 secondary progressive) and 19 controls during tactile stimulation.
  • Task-related signal change and activity occurrence were measured across cord quadrants and levels.
  • Statistical analyses, including univariate analysis and logistic regression, compared fMRI data between groups and correlated it with disability.

Main Results:

  • Both relapsing-remitting MS and secondary progressive MS patients exhibited higher spinal cord fMRI activity compared to controls.
  • Severely disabled MS patients showed greater spinal cord overactivation than controls and mildly disabled patients.
  • A functional lateralization of cord activity was observed in both controls and MS patients, with posterior quadrants more frequently activated.

Conclusions:

  • Tactile-associated spinal cord fMRI activity is elevated in patients with relapse-onset MS.
  • This increased activity is more pronounced in patients with greater locomotor disability.
  • Abnormalities in spinal cord functional properties may contribute to the clinical status of MS patients.