Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

In Vitro Fertilization

In Vitro Fertilization

In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...

Meiosis II

Meiosis II

Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each containing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Randomised double-blind controlled study protocol of the cumulative live birth rate of in vitro fertilisation following sperm preparation by a microfluidic chip method versus a density gradient centrifugation method.

BMJ open·2026

Same author

Effect of freezing and cryostorage on follicular fluid vitamin D levels.

Reproduction & fertility·2026

Same author

Antifibrotic drug finerenone restores fertility in premature ovarian insufficiency.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same author

Single-cell transcriptomics reveals notch regulation in quiescent LEPR⁺ endometrial mesenchymal stem cells.

Stem cell research & therapy·2025

Same author

Endometrial Assembloid Model Reveals Endometrial Gland Development Regulation by Estradiol-Driven WNT7B Suppression.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2025

Same author

Maternal causation of early-onset pre-eclampsia: excessive endometrial gland-derived apolipoprotein D induces placental ferroptosis and developmental abnormalities.

Journal of biomedical science·2025

Same journal

Cholera outbreak in 1932 and a public education pamphlet on the prevention of cholera.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same journal

The Hong Kong Hospital Authority reform: a historical perspective. Part 3: From organisation reform to improving clinical quality and population health.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same journal

Medical history of Hong Kong. Part II: Healers in the maze: unravelling the myths of Kowloon Walled City practitioners.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same journal

Practical aspects of interpreting N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in diagnosing Kawasaki disease.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same journal

Kidney health for all: caring for people, protecting the planet.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

Same journal

Functional outcomes following mechanical thrombectomy beyond 6 hours after acute ischaemic stroke.

Hong Kong medical journal = Xianggang yi xue za zhi·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Published on: April 2, 2020

Frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.

William S B Yeung¹, Raymond H W Li, T M Cheung

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Centre of Assisted Reproduction and Embryology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi

|December 8, 2009

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles achieved 35% clinical and 30% ongoing pregnancy rates. Success factors included younger maternal age and optimal blastomere count, while lysis reduced outcomes.

More Related Videos

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Published on: August 5, 2011

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Published on: November 18, 2011

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

Published on: April 2, 2020

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Cryopreservation of Preimplantation Embryos of Cattle, Sheep, and Goats

Published on: August 5, 2011

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Cryopreservation of Mouse Embryos by Ethylene Glycol-Based Vitrification

Published on: November 18, 2011

Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Embryology
Assisted Reproductive Technology

Background:

Frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) is a key component of assisted reproductive technology.
Optimizing FET cycle outcomes is crucial for improving pregnancy rates.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles.
To identify factors influencing the success of FET.

Main Methods:

Retrospective review of 983 FET cycles at a tertiary assisted reproduction centre.
Analysis of clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates.
Assessment of factors such as maternal age, blastomere number, insemination method, and embryo quality.

Main Results:

Clinical pregnancy rate was 35% and ongoing pregnancy rate was 30%.
Younger maternal age (<=35 years) and 4+ blastomeres at transfer were associated with higher success rates.
Blastomere lysis post-thawing significantly reduced pregnancy rates, particularly in single embryo transfer cycles.

Conclusions:

FET cycles demonstrate viable pregnancy rates.
Key predictors of successful FET outcomes include maternal age, embryo quality (blastomere count), and intact blastomeres post-thaw.
Minimizing blastomere lysis is essential for maximizing FET success.