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Infertility in Males

Infertility in Males

Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

Published on: May 27, 2022

Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy for obstructive azoospermia.

K L Ho¹, M H Wong, P C Tam

¹Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital and Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong.

Hong Kong Medical Journal = Xianggang Yi Xue Za Zhi

|December 8, 2009

Summary

Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy offers a viable treatment for obstructive azoospermia, achieving a 57% patency rate and a 32% paternity rate. This surgical option provides reasonable outcomes for couples facing male factor infertility.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Vessel-Sparing Microsurgical Longitudinal Intussusception Vasoepididymostomy to Treat Epididymal Obstructive Azoospermia

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Published on: May 27, 2022

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Medicine
Urology
Surgical Innovation

Background:

Obstructive azoospermia is a significant cause of male infertility.
Microsurgical vasoepididymostomy aims to restore patency in the male reproductive tract.
Epididymal obstruction requires specialized surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the efficacy of microsurgical vasoepididymostomy for obstructive azoospermia.
To assess patency and pregnancy outcomes following the procedure.
To determine the viability of microsurgical intussusception techniques.

Main Methods:

Retrospective study of 22 patients with obstructive azoospermia.
23 microsurgical vasoepididymostomy procedures performed between 2001 and 2007.
Utilized Berger's triangulation and Marmar or Chan's two-suture intussusception techniques.

Main Results:

Overall patency rate of 57% (50% unilateral, 64% bilateral).
Patency rate of 71% when epididymal fluid was sperm-positive.
Overall paternity rate of 32% (3 natural pregnancies, 4 via assisted reproduction).

Conclusions:

Microsurgical intussusception vasoepididymostomy is a viable option for obstructive azoospermia.
The study achieved reasonable patency outcomes.
Individualized counseling is crucial for managing patient expectations regarding surgical success and assisted reproduction.