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Related Concept Videos

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
DNA Bacteriophages01:26

DNA Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle01:20

Viral Replication: Lytic Cycle

Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. Among them, T-even bacteriophages, such as T4, exhibit a well-characterized lytic replication cycle in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This process ensures the rapid proliferation of the virus while ultimately leading to the destruction of the bacterial host.Attachment and DNA InjectionThe infection process begins with the recognition and binding of the T4 phage to the E. coli cell surface. Tail fibers of the phage...
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the lytic replication...
Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle

The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects its...

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Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings
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Bacteriophage Effectiveness for Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogens Evaluated via High-Throughput Settings

Published on: August 19, 2021

Novel Bacteriophages in Enterococcus spp.

Ramin Mazaheri Nezhad Fard1, Mary D Barton, Michael W Heuzenroeder

  • 1University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.

Current Microbiology
|December 8, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identified novel non-tailed bacteriophages, including polyhedral, filamentous, and pleomorphic types, in Enterococcus species from animal sources. These findings expand the known diversity of enterococcal phages beyond the commonly reported tailed varieties.

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Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures
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Bacteriophage Removal from Infected Salmonella Cultures

Published on: June 28, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Virology
  • Bacteriophage Research

Background:

  • Enterococcus species are significant in animal agriculture and human health.
  • Most known bacteriophages infecting Enterococcus spp. are tailed (Podoviridae, Siphoviridae, Myoviridae).
  • Limited information exists on non-tailed bacteriophages infecting enterococci.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity of bacteriophages, particularly non-tailed types, in Enterococcus species of animal origin.
  • To characterize newly isolated bacteriophages from sewage and piggery effluents.
  • To report the first instances of polyhedral, filamentous, and pleomorphic phages in Enterococcus species.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation of lytic bacteriophages from sewage and piggery effluents using Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, and E. gallinarum.
  • Induction of lysogenic phages using mitomycin C.
  • Visualization and morphological characterization of bacteriophages via electron microscopy.
  • Determination of phage nucleic acid type (DNA or RNA).

Main Results:

  • Ten tailed bacteriophages with double-stranded DNA were detected.
  • Seven non-tailed bacteriophages were observed, including polyhedral, filamentous, and pleomorphic morphologies.
  • Pleomorphic phages exhibited droplet- or lemon-like shapes.
  • This study presents the first report of polyhedral, filamentous, and pleomorphic phages in Enterococcus species from animal sources.

Conclusions:

  • The study significantly expands the known bacteriophage diversity in Enterococcus species, particularly highlighting novel non-tailed phage types.
  • The findings suggest a broader range of bacteriophage interactions with enterococci than previously understood.
  • These novel phages represent potential candidates for phage therapy applications in animal health and beyond.