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Related Concept Videos

Inflammation: Introduction01:28

Inflammation: Introduction

Inflammation is a fundamental, protective biological response of vascularized tissues to cellular injury, infection, or harmful stimuli. Its primary function is to eliminate the initial cause of injury, clear necrotic cells and damaged tissue, and initiate the necessary repair processes.Cardinal SignsAcute inflammation presents with classic signs. Redness results from vasodilation and increased blood flow. Heat is due to increased metabolism and circulation. Swelling results from the...
Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects01:25

Acute Inflammation III: Local and Systemic Effects

Acute inflammation produces a coordinated set of local and systemic changes that limit injury, eliminate pathogens, and initiate repair. These responses arise within minutes of infection, trauma, or chemical insult and are driven by vascular alterations and leukocyte-derived mediators. When the stimulus resolves, the reaction typically abates within days.Local EffectsAt the site of injury, arteriolar vasodilation increases blood flow, resulting in redness and warmth. Simultaneously, increased...
Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response01:26

Acute Inflammation I: Inflammatory Response

Acute inflammation is a rapid, short-lived physiological response to tissue injury or infection, designed to eliminate harmful agents and initiate repair. This tightly regulated process typically lasts from minutes to several days and is triggered by factors such as microbial invasion, physical trauma, or chemical injury.Recognition and Mediator ReleaseThe inflammatory response begins when resident immune cells—such as mast cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells—detect damage-associated...
Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
Chronic Inflammation: Introduction01:12

Chronic Inflammation: Introduction

Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...

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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Markers of inflammation.

Dori R Germolec, Rachel P Frawley, Ellen Evans

    Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
    |December 8, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Inflammation is a vital biological response, but persistent inflammation can cause tissue damage and disease. Hematology and clinical chemistry offer initial insights into inflammation, guiding further immune assays.

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    In vivo Imaging Method to Distinguish Acute and Chronic Inflammation

    Published on: August 16, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology and Pathology
    • Toxicology and Disease Mechanisms

    Background:

    • Inflammation is a critical biological response to stimuli, involving immune cell migration and mediator release.
    • Acute inflammation aids healing, while chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage, fibrosis, and various diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders.
    • Standard toxicology studies, using hematology and clinical chemistry, can provide preliminary indicators of inflammation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of hematology and clinical chemistry in detecting and understanding inflammation.
    • To highlight the potential of these data in suggesting further immune function assays.
    • To discuss the challenges in associating specific biomarkers with distinct inflammatory events.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of hematology and clinical chemistry data from toxicology studies.
    • Review of immune system components involved in inflammation, including cytokines and acute phase proteins.
    • Discussion of various measurement techniques for inflammatory markers.

    Main Results:

    • Hematology and clinical chemistry data can indicate the presence and location of inflammation.
    • These data may necessitate more specific immune function assays to elucidate immunomodulation mechanisms.
    • Common inflammatory markers like hematology dynamics, acute phase proteins, complement factors, and cytokines are measurable but lack strong association with specific pathologies.

    Conclusions:

    • Inflammation is a complex process with acute and chronic phases, impacting numerous diseases.
    • Hematology and clinical chemistry serve as initial screening tools for inflammation detection.
    • The specific inflammatory profile is highly variable, depending on species, severity, and the immune system's adaptive capacity, necessitating tailored diagnostic approaches.