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Related Concept Videos

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview

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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Cell-based Flow Cytometry Assay to Measure Cytotoxic Activity
10:14

Cell-based Flow Cytometry Assay to Measure Cytotoxic Activity

Published on: December 17, 2013

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay for evaluating cell-mediated immune function.

Gary R Burleson, Florence G Burleson, Rodney R Dietert

    Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
    |December 8, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Assessing cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is crucial for predicting health risks. A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assay, measuring immune defense against viruses and cancer, is presented as a key tool for evaluating immunotoxicity.

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    Cell-based Flow Cytometry Assay to Measure Cytotoxic Activity
    10:14

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    Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
    12:12

    Methods to Assess Beta Cell Death Mediated by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

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    Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells
    09:28

    Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

    Published on: February 2, 2013

    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Toxicology
    • Virology

    Background:

    • Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) evaluation is vital for assessing immunotoxic risk.
    • Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) responses are key functional measures of acquired immune defense against viral infections and cancer.
    • CTL responses involve antigen-presenting cells, CD4(+) T helper cells, and CD8(+) T effector cells, and assess MHC class I and II antigen presentation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the significance of CTL assays in evaluating immunotoxicity.
    • To present a mouse CTL assay model for assessing immune responses.
    • To demonstrate the utility of CTL assays in predicting health risks associated with immunotoxic agents.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing a mouse model to assess cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses.
    • Employing an influenza virus model to stimulate and measure CTL activity.
    • Evaluating antigen presentation through both MHC class I and class II molecules.

    Main Results:

    • The study demonstrates the feasibility of using a mouse CTL assay for immunotoxicity assessment.
    • The CTL assay effectively measures cell-mediated immune responses relevant to viral infections and cancer.
    • The assay's dependence on MHC class I and II presentation makes it a comprehensive tool.

    Conclusions:

    • Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays are valuable functional measures for assessing cell-mediated immunity and predicting immunotoxic risks.
    • The presented mouse CTL assay against influenza virus serves as a robust model for immunotoxicity evaluation.
    • Effective antigen presentation via MHC class I and II molecules, assessed by CTL assays, is critical for immune defense and risk assessment.