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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

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Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Increased Intracranial Pressure ll: Pathophysiology

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) refers to a potentially life-threatening rise in pressure inside the skull. This usually happens when there is a major change in the volume of brain tissue, blood, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — the three components inside the skull. According to the Monro-Kellie doctrine, if the volume of one component increases, the volumes of the other components must decrease to maintain normal pressure. If this does not happen, ICP rises.The process often begins with...
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

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Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Translaminar Autonomous System Model for the Modulation of Intraocular and Intracranial Pressure in Human Donor Posterior Segments
08:55

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Published on: April 24, 2020

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure in glaucoma: a prospective study.

Ruojin Ren1, Jost B Jonas, Guoghong Tian

  • 1Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Ophthalmology
|December 9, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) is linked to normal-tension open-angle glaucoma, increasing the pressure difference across the optic nerve. This finding suggests CSF-P may play a key role in glaucoma development.

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Glaucoma Research

Background:

  • Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a major risk factor for OAG, but some patients develop glaucoma despite normal IOP.
  • The role of cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) in normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between low cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSF-P) and open-angle glaucoma in eyes with normal intraocular pressure (IOP).
  • To compare CSF-P and trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) in patients with normal-tension glaucoma, high-tension glaucoma, and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, interventional study involving 43 patients with OAG (14 normal IOP, 29 elevated IOP) and 71 controls.
  • Standardized ophthalmologic and neurologic examinations were performed.
  • Lumbar CSF-P was measured in all participants.

Main Results:

  • Lumbar CSF-P was significantly lower in the normal IOP glaucoma group (9.5±2.2 mmHg) compared to the high IOP glaucoma group (11.7±2.7 mmHg) and controls (12.9±1.9 mmHg).
  • The trans-lamina cribrosa pressure difference (TLCPD) was significantly higher in both normal IOP (6.6±3.6 mmHg) and high IOP (12.5±4.1 mmHg) glaucoma groups than in controls (1.4±1.7 mmHg).
  • Glaucomatous visual field loss correlated negatively with CSF-P and positively with TLCPD.

Conclusions:

  • Abnormally low CSF-P in normal-tension OAG leads to an elevated TLCPD, similar to the effect of high IOP in other glaucoma types.
  • CSF-P and TLCPD are significant factors in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous visual field defects.
  • In non-glaucomatous subjects, CSF-P, blood pressure, and IOP are significantly interrelated.