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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Novel Triple-Loop Technique for Suturing TFCC Injuries without Transosseous Tunnel
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Calcaneo-Scaphoid Coalition.

H J Seddon

    Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine
    |December 9, 2009
    PubMed
    Summary

    Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition, a congenital foot abnormality, is often linked to spasmodic flat-foot. Standard treatments for flat-foot are ineffective for this condition, necessitating specific interventions.

    Area of Science:

    • Orthopedics
    • Anatomy
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition is a congenital skeletal abnormality affecting the calcaneo-scaphoid gap.
    • This condition is frequently associated with spasmodic flat-foot, present in approximately 25% of cases.
    • Clinically, it is indistinguishable from spasmodic flat-foot with normal bone structure.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and clinical implications of calcaneo-scaphoid coalition.
    • To highlight the diagnostic methods for identifying this anomaly.
    • To evaluate treatment outcomes for spasmodic flat-foot associated with calcaneo-scaphoid coalition.

    Main Methods:

    • Radiographic diagnosis, specifically utilizing oblique lateral views of the foot.
    • Clinical observation of patients with spasmodic flat-foot.

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    A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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    Main Results:

    • Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition is a common finding in spasmodic flat-foot.
    • Standard treatments for spasmodic flat-foot are ineffective when coalition is present.
    • Resection of the coalition bar has unproven value, and subastragaloid arthrodesis may be required.

    Conclusions:

    • Calcaneo-scaphoid coalition requires specific diagnostic and treatment approaches.
    • Subastragaloid arthrodesis is the recommended surgical intervention for persistent symptoms.
    • Further research into the efficacy of coalition bar resection is warranted.