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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
Diabetic Retinopathy01:27

Diabetic Retinopathy

DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus01:22

Complications of Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency, resistance, or both. Prolonged hyperglycemia disrupts metabolic homeostasis and leads to acute and chronic complications.Acute ComplicationsAcute complications result from sudden metabolic imbalance.Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) mainly appears in type 1 diabetes but may also develop in type 2 diabetes, particularly under extreme stress. It arises from severe insulin deficiency,...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
05:06

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Diabetes and peripheral vascular disease.

E Huysman1, C Mathieu

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, UZ Gasthuisberg, KULeuven, Leuven, Belgium. frederique.huysman@uz.kuleuven.ac.be

Acta Chirurgica Belgica
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Diabetic patients face higher risks of peripheral vascular disease (PVD). Intensive management of blood sugar and other risk factors early in diabetes is crucial for preventing PVD and cardiovascular events.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Peripheral vascular disease (PVD) is a significant complication in diabetic patients, characterized by earlier onset, increased severity, and diffuse nature.
  • Key pathological factors include endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell dysfunction, inflammation, and hypercoagulability, contributing to diabetic arteriopathy.
  • PVD serves as a marker for generalized atherosclerosis and a predictor of cardiovascular ischemic events, yet it remains underdiagnosed and undertreated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diabetes on peripheral vascular disease (PVD) development and progression.
  • To evaluate the effectiveness of glycemic control and multifactorial risk factor management in preventing macrovascular complications in diabetes.
  • To emphasize the importance of early and sustained intervention for managing PVD and reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetic populations.

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Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo
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Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

Published on: March 8, 2018

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
05:06

Effects of Mindfulness Training Combined with Tai Chi in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy

Published on: July 14, 2023

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo
10:39

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

Published on: March 8, 2018

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical trial data, including DCCT/EDIC, UKPDS, ADVANCE, ACCORD, VADT, and Steno-2 trials.
  • Analysis of the role of intensive insulin therapy in type-1 diabetes for micro- and macrovascular complications.
  • Examination of the effects of glycemic control and multifactorial interventions in type-2 diabetes.

Main Results:

  • Early intensive insulin treatment in type-1 diabetes reduces micro- and macrovascular complications.
  • Tight glucose control in type-2 diabetes, initiated early, shows long-term benefits for vascular complications.
  • Lowering glycemic targets to near-normal levels in longstanding type-2 diabetes did not further reduce cardiovascular events and carries risks of hypoglycemia.
  • Intensified multifactorial treatment targeting all modifiable risk factors is essential for reducing PVD, ischemic events, and mortality in type-2 diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Intensive therapy targeting glycemia and all modifiable cardiovascular risk factors is vital for preventing PVD and other macrovascular complications in both type-1 and type-2 diabetes.
  • This comprehensive management approach should be initiated as early as possible after diagnosis and maintained safely throughout life.
  • Early and aggressive management of risk factors is key to mitigating the long-term vascular consequences of diabetes.