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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

Frequency-dependent Selection

When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.Positive Frequency-Dependent SelectionIn positive...
Hardy-Weinberg Principle01:49

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.In the early 20th century,...
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift01:09

Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift

In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).Mechanisms of Genetic VariationThe original sources of genetic variation are mutations,...
Types of Selection01:46

Types of Selection

Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
Mutations in Microorganisms01:18

Mutations in Microorganisms

Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
Genetic Drift03:33

Genetic Drift

Natural selection—probably the most well-known evolutionary mechanism—increases the prevalence of traits that enhance survival and reproduction. However, evolution does not merely propagate favorable traits, nor does it always benefit populations.Life is not fair. A deer grazing contentedly in a field can have her meal cut tragically short by a bolt of lightning. If the doomed doe is one of only three in the population, 1/3 of the population’s gene pool is lost. Random events like this can...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

A Protocol for Functional Assessment of Whole-Protein Saturation Mutagenesis Libraries Utilizing High-Throughput Sequencing
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Fixation probabilities of random mutants under frequency dependent selection.

Weini Huang1, Arne Traulsen

  • 1Emmy-Noether Group for Evolutionary Dynamics, Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Max-Planck-Institute for Evolutionary Biology, 24306 Plön, Germany.

Journal of Theoretical Biology
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We studied evolutionary game dynamics with a novel mutant strategy featuring a random payoff matrix. The mutant

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Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Mathematical modeling
  • Population genetics

Background:

  • Evolutionary game dynamics models frequency-dependent selection in asexual populations.
  • Traditional models assume fixed strategies and payoff matrices, with mutations only between known types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the fixation probability of a new mutant with a random payoff matrix.
  • To determine the key factors influencing mutant fixation under different selection strengths.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated evolutionary game dynamics with a novel mutant type.
  • Analyzed fixation probability based on the payoff distribution of the new mutant.

Main Results:

  • For weak selection, the first moments of the payoff distribution are critical for fixation.
  • For strong selection, the probability of a new payoff entry exceeding the wild type's self-payoff is the determining factor.

Conclusions:

  • The study extends evolutionary game dynamics to include novel mutant types with random payoffs.
  • Selection strength significantly influences which properties of the payoff distribution govern mutant fixation.