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Characterization at the Molecular Level using Robust Biochemical Approaches of a New Kinase Protein
Published on: June 30, 2019
Kinome-wide RNAi studies in human multiple myeloma identify vulnerable kinase targets, including a
Rodger E Tiedemann1, Yuan Xiao Zhu, Jessica Schmidt
1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, 13400 Shea Blvd., Scottsdale, AZ 85259, USA. tiedemann.rodger@mayo.edu
Abstract:
A paucity of validated kinase targets in human multiple myeloma has delayed clinical deployment of kinase inhibitors in treatment strategies. We therefore conducted a kinome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) lethality study in myeloma tumor lines bearing common t(4;14), t(14;16), and t(11;14) translocations to identify critically vulnerable kinases in myeloma tumor cells without regard to preconceived mechanistic notions. Fifteen kinases were repeatedly vulnerable in myeloma cells, including AKT1, AK3L1, AURKA, AURKB, CDC2L1, CDK5R2, FES, FLT4, GAK, GRK6, HK1, PKN1, PLK1, SMG1, and TNK2. Whereas several kinases (PLK1, HK1) were equally vulnerable in epithelial cells, others and particularly G protein-coupled receptor kinase, GRK6, appeared selectively vulnerable in myeloma. GRK6 inhibition was lethal to 6 of 7 myeloma tumor lines but was tolerated in 7 of 7 human cell lines. GRK6 exhibits lymphoid-restricted expression, and from coimmunoprecipitation studies we demonstrate that expression in myeloma cells is regulated via direct association with the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) chaperone. GRK6 silencing causes suppression of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation associated with reduction in MCL1 levels and phosphorylation, illustrating a potent mechanism for the cytotoxicity of GRK6 inhibition in multiple myeloma (MM) tumor cells. As mice that lack GRK6 are healthy, inhibition of GRK6 represents a uniquely targeted novel therapeutic strategy in human multiple myeloma.
Insights
Researchers identified GRK6 as a selective kinase target in multiple myeloma (MM). Inhibiting GRK6 proved lethal to myeloma cells while sparing normal cells, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for MM.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Validated kinase targets for multiple myeloma (MM) are scarce, hindering kinase inhibitor development.
- Kinase inhibitors are crucial for cancer treatment strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify critically vulnerable kinases in multiple myeloma (MM) cells using a kinome-wide screen.
- To discover novel therapeutic targets for MM without preconceived notions.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a kinome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) lethality study in MM cell lines with common translocations.
- Investigated the selective vulnerability and therapeutic potential of GRK6 inhibition in MM.
Main Results:
- Identified 15 kinases vulnerable in MM cells, including AKT1, AURKA, PLK1, and GRK6.
- GRK6 inhibition was lethal to 6/7 MM lines but tolerated by normal human cell lines.
- GRK6 expression is regulated by HSP90 in MM cells; GRK6 silencing reduced STAT3 phosphorylation and MCL1 levels.
Conclusions:
- GRK6 is selectively vulnerable in MM and its inhibition is cytotoxic.
- GRK6 inhibition represents a novel, targeted therapeutic strategy for MM.
- Mice lacking GRK6 are healthy, indicating a favorable safety profile for GRK6 inhibition.
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