Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Energy Bands in Solids01:01

Energy Bands in Solids

Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
When atoms are brought close together, as in a solid, these discrete energy levels begin to split due to the overlap of electron orbitals from adjacent atoms. This split occurs because of the Pauli exclusion principle, which states that no two...
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single stretching vibration...
Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
Solvating Effects02:12

Solvating Effects

An understanding of the solvating effect helps rationalize the relation between solvation and acidity of the compound. In addition, this also explains the relative stability of conjugate bases for compounds with different pKa values. This lesson details, in-depth, the principle of solvating effects. The strength of an acid and the stability of its corresponding conjugate base are determined using pKa values. This observed relationship is a consequence of solvation, which is the interaction...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cryoless MIR spectroscopy via pump wavelength scanning using PPLN ridge waveguide upconversion.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Continuous wave tunable laser from 616 nm to 637 nm based on a compact sum frequency generation setup.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Generation of CW mid-infrared radiation in the mW power range and tuneable over 400 nm.

Optics express·2025
Same author

Efficient photorefractive effect triggered by pyroelectricity in magnesium doped LiNbO<sub>3</sub> films.

Optics letters·2024
Same author

Opto-microfluidic coupling between optical waveguides and tilted microchannels in lithium niobate.

Optics express·2023
Same author

Supervised learning of soliton X-junctions in lithium niobate films on insulator.

Optics letters·2023
Same journal

Denoising algorithm of Φ-OTDR systems based on adaptive fractional wavelet transform denoising.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Millisecond photon-to-photon latency and high-speed volumetric projection system for optogenetics.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Polarization-encoded coaxial structured light for high-precision 3D surface profilometry.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Discrete freeform optical design based on collaborative optimization of point cloud and local normals.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Ultrafast ghost imaging with 25 GHz speckle switching and wavelength-division multiplexing.

Optics express·2026
Same journal

Atomic vapor cells fabricated by femtosecond laser welding of standard-optical-quality glass.

Optics express·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Pyroliton: pyroelectric spatial soliton.

Jassem Safioui1, Fabrice Devaux, Mathieu Chauvet

  • 1Département d'Optique, Institut FEMTO-ST, UMR CNRS 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, Besançon, France.

Optics Express
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers demonstrate optical beam self-trapping in pyroelectric photorefractive media. This phenomenon, forming 2-D spatial solitons called pyrolitons, is achieved through temperature-controlled polarization in ferroelectric crystals.

More Related Videos

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
10:35

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Ferroelectric crystals exhibit spontaneous polarization.
  • Photorefractive effects involve light-induced changes in refractive index.
  • Optical nonlinearities are crucial for light manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and demonstrate optical beam self-trapping in pyroelectric photorefractive media.
  • To investigate the formation of 2-D spatial solitons (pyrolitons) driven by pyroelectric effects.
  • To explore the influence of temperature and polarization on soliton formation.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical concept development of optical beam self-trapping.
  • Experimental investigation using lithium niobate crystals.
  • Controlled temperature variations to induce spontaneous polarization and optical nonlinearity.

Main Results:

  • Successful formation of 2-D spatial solitons, termed pyrolitons.
  • Demonstration of efficient self-trapping for both ordinary and extraordinary polarizations.
  • Achieved pyroliton formation (15 microm diameter) with a moderate temperature increase (10 degrees Celsius).

Conclusions:

  • Pyroelectric photorefractive media can support optical beam self-trapping.
  • Temperature-controlled polarization is a viable mechanism for generating optical nonlinearity and solitons.
  • Pyrolitons represent a novel class of spatial solitons with potential applications in optical devices.