Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue01:15

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...
Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters01:29

Excitatory and Inhibitory Effects of Neurotransmitters

When an action potential reaches the presynaptic axon terminal, it releases neurotransmitters from the neuron into the synaptic cleft at a chemical synapse. The released neurotransmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory. The critical criteria commonly used to determine whether a molecule is a neurotransmitter at a chemical synapse are the molecule's presence in the presynaptic neuron. Second, its release is in response to strong presynaptic depolarization. And lastly, the presence of specific...
Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
Determination01:51

Determination

During embryogenesis, cells become progressively committed to different fates through a two-step process: specification followed by determination. Specification is demonstrated by removing a segment of an early embryo, “neutrally” culturing the tissue in vitro—for example, in a petri dish with simple medium—and then observing the derivatives. If the cultured region gives rise to cell types that it would normally generate in the embryo, this means that it is specified. In contrast, determination...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell01:06

Multipotency and Niche of Bulge Stem Cell

A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Enforced ZFP281 expression delays breast cancer initiation and can provide lifelong protection against breast cancer metastasis.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Immune checkpoint B7x promotes immune evasion and resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade in bladder cancer.

Genes & diseases·2026
Same author

Single-Cell RNA Analysis of Murine Osteosarcoma Uncovers Skp2 Function in Metastasis, Genomic Instability, and Immune Activation and Reveals Additional Target Pathways.

Cancer research communications·2026
Same author

Disruption of CSF-1 receptor-mediated metal ion homeostasis in the murine brain promotes neurodegenerative disease.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2026
Same author

Aberrant medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) GABAergic neurogenesis contributes to Huntington's disease pathogenesis.

Neurobiology of disease·2026
Same author

Mouse models to interrogate the developmental pathogenesis of Huntington's disease.

Journal of Huntington's disease·2026
Same journal

Modeling and analysis of forward and inverse kinematics for a flexible Stewart platform.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Barriers and facilitators to healthcare utilization amongst people living with sickle cell disease in the United States: A scoping review.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Enhancing data completeness in time series: Imputation strategies for missing data using significant periodically correlated components.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Key targets and mechanisms by which gut microbiota-derived metabolites regulate Alzheimer's disease through the immune - inflammatory pathway: Based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

Grid-tied Transformer-less Boost Switched Capacitor Topology (TLBSCT) for PV applications.

PloS one·2026
Same journal

The load-velocity profiles and exercise-specific velocity zones for seven commonly used weightlifting exercises.

PloS one·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
10:08

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Published on: June 8, 2018

REST and CoREST modulate neuronal subtype specification, maturation and maintenance.

Joseph J Abrajano1, Irfan A Qureshi, Solen Gokhan

  • 1Institute for Brain Disorders and Neural Regeneration, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.

Plos One
|December 10, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST) and its cofactor CoREST differentially regulate neuronal subtype specification. Their distinct target gene profiles are crucial for generating neuronal diversity and maintaining subtype identity.

More Related Videos

Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells
08:52

Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells

Published on: July 24, 2019

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains
10:08

Homochronic Transplantation of Interneuron Precursors into Early Postnatal Mouse Brains

Published on: June 8, 2018

Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells
08:52

Assaying Circuit Specific Regulation of Adult Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells

Published on: July 24, 2019

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark
10:09

Isolation and Cultivation of Neural Progenitors Followed by Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation of Histone 3 Lysine 79 Dimethylation Mark

Published on: January 26, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • The repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor/neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) is a key regulator of neuronal gene expression.
  • REST and its cofactor CoREST bind to repressor element-1 (RE1) motifs, influencing gene silencing.
  • REST's role extends beyond silencing to regulating neuronal maturation and plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the roles of REST and CoREST in specifying different neuronal subtypes from neural stem cells (NSCs).
  • To identify the target genes regulated by REST and CoREST during neuronal subtype specification.

Main Methods:

  • Chromatin immunoprecipitation on chip (ChIP-chip) analysis was employed.
  • Examined REST and CoREST binding during the specification of cholinergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic neurons, and medium spiny neurons.

Main Results:

  • Identified distinct yet overlapping target gene profiles for REST and CoREST during neuronal subtype specification.
  • A significant proportion of target genes were exclusive to specific neuronal subtypes, highlighting differential regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Differential deployment of REST and CoREST is a critical mechanism for neuronal subtype specification.
  • These factors modulate gene networks essential for neuronal identity.
  • The study implicates various factors in neuronal diversity, including those involved in homeostasis, cell cycle, viability, stress response, and epigenetics.