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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Animal Models of Depression - Chronic Despair Model (CDM)

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Published on: September 23, 2021

Two models of suicide.

Saxby Pridmore¹, Mohammed Yaacob Jamil

¹Professor of Mental Health, Centre for Remote Health, A joint centre of Flinders University and Charles Darwin University, Alice Springs, NT, Australia.

Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists

|December 17, 2009

Summary

This study introduces two suicide models: the predicament model, viewing suicide as an escape from distress caused by internal or external factors, and the suicide pathways model, integrating medical and sociological concepts with distress as central. These models aim to enhance understanding and management of suicidal behavior.

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Area of Science:

Psychiatry
Sociology
Behavioral Science

Background:

Suicidal behavior is a complex phenomenon requiring nuanced understanding.
Existing models may not fully capture the multifaceted nature of suicide.
Improved conceptual frameworks are needed for effective intervention and prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To present two novel models for understanding suicide: the predicament model and the suicide pathways model.
To enhance the comprehension and management of suicidal behavior through theoretical advancements.
To integrate diverse factors contributing to suicide within cohesive frameworks.

Main Methods:

Development of the predicament model, conceptualizing suicide as an escape from distress.
Formulation of the suicide pathways model, integrating medical and sociological perspectives.
Analysis of factors influencing suicide risk and pathways.

Main Results:

The predicament model posits suicide as an escape from distress, influenced by internal (mental disorders) and/or external factors.
Suicide occurs when a risk threshold is surpassed, influenced by stressors and individual factors.
The suicide pathways model identifies distress as central, with pathways including mental disorder, medicalized, and non-mental disorder suicides.

Conclusions:

The proposed models offer a more integrated understanding of suicide.
Distress is a key component in both models, linking psychological and social factors.
These frameworks can inform clinical practice and public health approaches to suicide prevention.