The smear layer in endodontics - a review.

Area of Science:

• Dentistry
• Endodontics
• Biomaterials

Background:

• Root canal instrumentation creates a smear layer, a complex organic and inorganic debris film.
• This smear layer can impede intracanal medicament penetration and affect filling material adaptation.
• The smear layer may harbor bacteria and their by-products, impacting endodontic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of the endodontic smear layer.
• To discuss the relevance of smear layer removal in root canal treatment.
• To evaluate current and potential methods for smear layer management.

Main Methods:

• Literature search of PubMed and endodontic texts.
• Systematic review of articles on smear layer, dentine, and root canals.
• Analysis of historical and contemporary research on smear layer removal techniques.

Main Results:

• Smear layer removal is suggested to enhance root canal disinfection.
• Current removal techniques (chemical, ultrasonic, laser) have limitations in effectiveness and universal acceptance.
• Alternate use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and sodium hypochlorite is a potential method of choice.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to determine the definitive role of smear layer removal in root canal treatment success.
• Optimal methods for complete smear layer removal throughout the canal length require further investigation.
• The conflict regarding pre-filling smear layer removal necessitates continued study.