Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

Overview of Transposition and Recombination

Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
Transposons01:24

Transposons

Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Correction: Onvansertib in Combination with FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab in Second-Line Treatment of KRAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase Ib Clinical Study.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2026
Same author

Onvansertib in Combination With Chemotherapy and Bevacizumab in Second-Line Treatment of <i>KRAS</i>-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Single-Arm, Phase II Trial.

Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·2024
Same author

Onvansertib in Combination with FOLFIRI and Bevacizumab in Second-Line Treatment of KRAS-Mutant Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Phase Ib Clinical Study.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·2024
Same author

Whitefly-Plant Interactions: An Integrated Molecular Perspective.

Annual review of entomology·2023
Same author

Geographical survey of the mycobiome and microbiome of Southern California glassy-winged sharpshooters.

mSphere·2023
Same author

Genomes and transcriptomes help unravel the complex life cycle of the blastoclad fungus, <i>Coelomomyces lativittatus</i>, an obligate parasite of mosquitoes and microcrustaceans.

Mycologia·2023
Same journal

PSMD1 and PSMD2 regulate HepG2 cell proliferation and apoptosis via modulating cellular lipid droplet metabolism.

BMC molecular biology·2019
Same journal

The effect of BACE1-AS on β-amyloid generation by regulating BACE1 mRNA expression.

BMC molecular biology·2019
Same journal

Overlapping transcriptional expression response of wheat zinc-induced facilitator-like transporters emphasize important role during Fe and Zn stress.

BMC molecular biology·2019
Same journal

MiR-32-5p influences high glucose-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and phenotypic alteration by inhibiting DUSP1.

BMC molecular biology·2019
Same journal

Comparison of miRNA-101a-3p and miRNA-144a-3p regulation with the key genes of alpaca melanocyte pigmentation.

BMC molecular biology·2019
Same journal

Correction to: A protocol for custom CRISPR Cas9 donor vector construction to truncate genes in mammalian cells using pcDNA3 backbone.

BMC molecular biology·2019
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Transpositionally active episomal hAT elements.

David A O'Brochta1, Christina D Stosic, Kristina Pilitt

  • 1Center for Biosystems Research, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. obrochta@umbi.umd.edu

BMC Molecular Biology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extrachromosomal hobo and Hermes elements are common and can be transmitted maternally. These episomal elements can integrate and regulate transposition, suggesting novel biological roles.

More Related Videos

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
10:58

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma

Published on: February 22, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity
04:04

Real-Time Quantification of the Effects of IS200/IS605 Family-Associated TnpB on Transposon Activity

Published on: January 20, 2023

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
11:52

Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level

Published on: April 23, 2016

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma
10:58

Transposon Mediated Integration of Plasmid DNA into the Subventricular Zone of Neonatal Mice to Generate Novel Models of Glioblastoma

Published on: February 22, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • hAT elements and V(D)J recombination may share a common ancestor.
  • Extrachromosomal (episomal) forms of transposable elements are known but their significance is unclear.
  • V(D)J signal joints, resembling episomal elements, were thought to be non-recombinogenic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if hobo and Hermes episomal elements are recombinogenic.
  • To explore the biological significance of extrachromosomal transposable elements.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of hobo/Hermes episomes in various host organisms (Musca domestica, Drosophila melanogaster, Aedes aegypti).
  • Recovery of episomal elements from unfertilized eggs to assess maternal transmission.
  • In vitro and in vivo experiments to observe episome reintegration and transposition rates.

Main Results:

  • Hobo/Hermes episomes frequently contained intact terminal repeats and intercalary DNA.
  • Episomal elements were found in natural and transgenic hosts, including evidence of maternal transmission.
  • Episomal Hermes elements reintegrated in vitro and in vivo, and their presence reduced canonical transposition rates.

Conclusions:

  • Episomal hobo/Hermes elements are frequent products of excision and can be maternally transmitted.
  • Episomal Hermes elements can integrate and influence transposition of canonical elements.
  • Extrachromosomal elements play roles in transposable element transmission and regulation.