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Related Concept Videos

Epistaxis01:30

Epistaxis

Epistaxis, or nosebleeds, occurs when small, swollen blood vessels in the nasal mucous membrane rupture. Typically, the anterior septum is the primary site of occurrence.
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

Chronic Pharyngitis

Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract01:29

Anatomy of Respiratory System I: Upper Respiratory Tract

The upper respiratory tract plays a vital role in the respiratory system, comprising several structures that facilitate air intake and prepare air for the lungs. It also serves as the first line of defense against pathogens and particles. This tract includes the nose and nasal cavity, the oral cavity, the paranasal sinuses, and the pharynx, each with specific functions and features.
Nose and nasal cavity
The nose and nasal cavity represent the main external openings of the respiratory tract.
Nose and Nasal Cavity01:24

Nose and Nasal Cavity

The nose is composed of an observable exterior segment (external nose) and an internal segment within the skull known as the nasal cavity (internal nose). The external nose, visible on the face, consists of a framework of bone and hyaline cartilage enveloped in skin and muscle and lined with a mucous membrane. This structure is supported by the frontal bone, nasal bones, and maxillary bone and is supplemented by a cartilaginous framework comprising the septal nasal cartilage, lateral nasal...
Pharynx01:20

Pharynx

The pharynx, a tubular structure framed by skeletal muscle and lined with mucous membrane, extends continuously from the nasal cavities. It is segmented into three major areas: the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...

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Updated: Jun 17, 2026

The Flexible Rhino-Laryngoscope for Awake Nasotracheal Intubation
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Published on: August 2, 2024

Does antrochoanal polyp present with epistaxis?

R H Sayed1, E E Abu-Dief

  • 1Department of ENT, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt.

The Journal of Laryngology and Otology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary

Angiomatous antrochoanal polyps, characterized by a reddish, vascular surface, are linked to recurrent epistaxis. Histological examination reveals a highly vascular stroma and increased plasma cells, aiding diagnosis and potentially preventing unnecessary surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Antrochoanal polyps are benign growths in the maxillary sinus.
  • Recurrent epistaxis can be a symptom of nasal pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the gross and microscopic features of antrochoanal polyps presenting with recurrent epistaxis versus typical presentations.
  • To identify diagnostic criteria for antrochoanal polyps associated with epistaxis.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective, controlled study involving clinical and endoscopic examination, CT scanning, and examination under anesthesia.
  • Histological comparison of polyps from patients with and without epistaxis.
  • Quantification and statistical comparison of inflammatory cells, particularly plasma cells.

Main Results:

  • Recurrent epistaxis occurred in 11.9% of patients with antrochoanal polyps.
  • Polyps associated with epistaxis exhibited a reddish, vascular surface, consistent with angiomatous antrochoanal polyps.
  • Histologically, these polyps showed a highly vascular stroma with significantly more plasma cells compared to ordinary antrochoanal polyps.

Conclusions:

  • Angiomatous antrochoanal polyps appear to be the primary cause of epistaxis among antrochoanal polyps.
  • Characteristic gross appearance can aid in diagnosis and potentially avoid unnecessary surgery.
  • Increased plasma cell infiltration is a key histological feature of angiomatous antrochoanal polyps.