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Updated: Jun 17, 2026
09:26
Transabdominal Ultrasound for Pregnancy Diagnosis in Reeves' Muntjac Deer
Published on: January 7, 2014
Pregnancy recognition and abnormal offspring syndrome in cattle
C E Farin1, W T Farmer, P W Farin
1Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27965-7621, USA. char_farin@ncsu.edu
Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
|December 17, 2009
Summary
Bovine conceptus development relies on maternal-fetal interactions. In vitro or in vivo manipulations can disrupt fetal and placental growth, impacting pregnancy establishment.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive Biology
- Developmental Biology
- Ruminant Science
Background:
- Ruminant conceptus development involves morphological expansion driven by conceptus-maternal interactions.
- These interactions alter endometrial physiology, crucial for pregnancy establishment and placental development.
- Disruptions can occur from in vitro embryo manipulations or improper in vivo endocrine sequencing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review post-hatching bovine conceptus development.
- To examine conceptus-maternal system interactions.
- To discuss developmental changes from in vivo and in vitro bovine embryo manipulations.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of bovine embryology and reproductive physiology.
- Analysis of factors influencing conceptus development.
- Synthesis of information on pre- and peri-implantation periods.
Main Results:
- Complex interactions between the bovine conceptus and its intrauterine environment drive development.
- Maternal endometrial physiology is significantly altered to support pregnancy.
- Both in vitro and in vivo manipulations can negatively impact fetal and placental development.
Conclusions:
- Understanding bovine conceptus development is key to successful reproductive technologies.
- Maternal-fetal interactions are critical for normal pregnancy progression.
- Further research is needed to mitigate developmental disruptions from assisted reproductive technologies.
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