Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 17, 2026
08:58
Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
Published on: October 31, 2025
[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia and prematurity. Short-and long-term respiratory changes]
G Pérez Pérez1, M Navarro Merino
1Sección de Neumología Infantil, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España. vallsperez@arquired.es
Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|December 17, 2009
Summary
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease in premature infants, persists into adolescence, impacting respiratory health. This review examines BPD
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Pulmonology
- Neonatology
- Respiratory Medicine
Context:
- Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common chronic lung disease in premature infants.
- Improved survival rates for premature newborns have paradoxically increased BPD incidence in extremely premature infants.
- BPD leads to significant respiratory morbidity, hospitalizations, and exacerbations, often triggered by viral infections.
Purpose:
- To analyze chronic respiratory disease associated with prematurity, focusing on clinical symptoms, respiratory function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), and exercise capacity.
- To review these aspects from early childhood through adolescence and young adulthood.
- To discuss the similarities and differences between BPD and asthma.
Summary:
- Prematurity significantly impacts respiratory pathology, with alterations in pulmonary function present from early infancy.
- While BPD symptoms resemble asthma, underlying pathophysiological mechanisms may differ.
- Persistent respiratory symptoms and reduced exercise capacity are common in school-aged children and adolescents with BPD.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive review of long-term respiratory outcomes in premature children.
- Highlights the need for continued monitoring and management of respiratory health beyond infancy.
- Informs clinical practice and future research on BPD and related chronic respiratory conditions in children.
Related Concept Videos
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
01:17Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation
In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) pathophysiology is intricate and multifaceted, involving a complex interplay of physiological processes. Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for effectively managing and treating COPD. Here is an in-depth look at the critical elements in the pathophysiology of COPD:
Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation
01:23Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
01:05Breathing
The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
01:23Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease II: Emphysema
Emphysema, a major phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is characterized by irreversible destruction of alveolar walls and permanent enlargement of distal airspaces. Unlike chronic bronchitis, which primarily affects the airways, emphysema predominantly involves the lung parenchyma, where structural damage leads to airflow limitation.PathophysiologyIt most commonly results from prolonged exposure to cigarette smoke and other toxic gases, particularly cigarette smoke.