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DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy
08:22

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy

Published on: January 12, 2022

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy: a case report.

Josephine O Ibironke1, Andrew S Gurwood

  • 1The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA. jibiron1@jhmi.edu

Optometry (St. Louis, Mo.)
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is a rare retinal disorder affecting young women. This case highlights AZOOR

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 17, 2026

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy
08:22

Application of Optical Coherence Tomography to a Mouse Model of Retinopathy

Published on: January 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Retinal Diseases
  • Neuro-ophthalmology

Background:

  • Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy (AZOOR) is an idiopathic retinal disorder.
  • It affects young women, causing acute outer retinal dysfunction and visual field loss.
  • Symptoms include photopsia, variable funduscopic changes, and abnormal electroretinograms (ERGs).

Observation:

  • A 24-year-old woman presented with acute photopsia and temporal vision clouding in her right eye.
  • Progression showed deep chorioretinal involvement and an anterior chamber response.
  • An afferent pupillary defect (APD) and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) changes developed over time.

Findings:

  • AZOOR diagnosis was confirmed after extensive testing.
  • The condition showed remission at 21 and 31 months post-diagnosis.
  • Persistent dense inferior-temporal visual field defect remained despite symptom resolution.

Implications:

  • AZOOR diagnosis can be challenging due to subtle and vague presentations.
  • Understanding AZOOR's clinical course, presentation, and etiology is crucial.
  • This case underscores the importance of thorough evaluation for accurate AZOOR diagnosis and management.