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Related Concept Videos

Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Additional Subnuclear Structures02:10

Additional Subnuclear Structures

The eukaryotic nucleus is a double membrane-bound organelle that contains nearly all of the cell’s genetic material in the form of chromosomes. It is rightly called the “brain” of the cell as it shoulders the responsibility of responding to various physiological processes, stress, altered metabolic conditions, and other cellular signals. 
The nucleus contains many membrane-less subnuclear organelles or nuclear bodies, such as nucleoli, Cajal bodies, speckles, paraspeckles, etc. These nuclear...
Cytoplasm01:16

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.Protein Folding and MisfoldingThe cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein core...
Cytoplasm01:24

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.
Protein Folding and Misfolding
The cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein...
Cytoplasm01:24

Cytoplasm

The cytoplasm consists of organelles and a framework of protein scaffolds called the cytoskeleton suspended in an aqueous solution, the cytosol. The cytosol is a rich broth of water, ions, salts, and various organic molecules.
Protein Folding and Misfolding
The cytoplasm is the location for several cellular processes, including protein synthesis and folding. The aqueous nature of the cytosol promotes protein folding such that the hydrophobic amino acid side chains are buried in the protein...
The Nucleus01:25

The Nucleus

The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle that acts as a control center in a eukaryotic cell. It contains chromosomal DNA, which controls gene expression and precisely regulates the production of proteins within the cell. In contrast, the DNA inside the mitochondria and chloroplast only carries out functions that are specific to those organelles.
Arrangement of DNA within Nucleus
The regulation of gene expression inside the nucleus is dependent on many factors, including the DNA structure. The...

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F(ST) in the cytonuclear system.

Xin-Sheng Hu1

  • 1Department of Renewable Resources, 751 General Services Building, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H1, Canada. xin-sheng.hu@ualberta.ca

Theoretical Population Biology
|December 17, 2009
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selection on nuclear or organelle genes causes temporary changes in neutral allele distribution, impacting population differentiation. Seed dispersal and inheritance modes significantly influence these F(st) changes, refining interpretations of genetic markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Molecular Evolution
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cytonuclear disequilibrium arises from differing inheritance patterns of nuclear and organelle genomes.
  • Selection on one genome can influence the spatial distribution of neutral alleles in the other.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how selection on nuclear or organelle sites affects neutral allele distribution via cytonuclear disequilibrium.
  • To quantify these effects on F(st) using simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical modeling of cytonuclear genomes with contrasting inheritance modes.
  • Monte Carlo simulations to explore relationships between cytonuclear disequilibrium and F(st) increments.
  • Analysis of factors influencing F(st) including dispersal and selfing rates.

Main Results:

  • Transient increments in F(st) for neutral alleles are influenced by seed and pollen dispersal, and inheritance mode.
  • Seed dispersal is more impactful than pollen dispersal on F(st) increments.
  • Partial selfing and cumulative selection on multiple sites can significantly amplify F(st) increments.

Conclusions:

  • Transient cytonuclear disequilibrium is a key factor in population differentiation.
  • These findings necessitate refined interpretations of F(st) when using cytonuclear markers.
  • Dispersal, inheritance, and selfing rates are critical for understanding genetic structure.